Azúcares troncales y bases nucleicas

9-Deazaguanine is an analog of guanine, which has inhibitory properties. It reacts with the hydrogen bond of the enzyme and prevents its reaction with a substrate. 9-Deazaguanine binds to the target enzymes trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and hydrogen bond interactions with water molecules. The reaction mechanism is based on the competitive inhibition of TFA, which is an important enzyme in DNA synthesis. 9-Deazaguanine inhibits the growth of k562 cells by inhibiting protein synthesis at specific sites in the ribosome. 9-Deazaguanine also shows inhibitory properties against autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases because it inhibits immune system reactions that are mediated by antibodies and T cells.

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Isotope labelled (5S,5’S)-Dihydroxy Lysinonorleucine, a collagen reducible crosslink agent. References Mizikova, I. et al.: FEBS J., 285, 3056 (2018);

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Acridine Orange base is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye which exhibits green fluorescence when bound to dsDNA and red fluorescence when bound to ssDNA/ssRNA .

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2-Azido-6-benzylaminopurine is a bioassayable analog of 6-benzylaminopurine that has been used in the study of receptor protein binding. It has been found to be an agonist for the benzodiazepine site on the GABA receptor, which is responsible for its physiological effects. 2-Azido-6-benzylaminopurine binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and stimulates chloride ion influx, which leads to chloride ion accumulation and membrane depolarization. This process opens voltage gated calcium channels, which allows calcium ions to enter the cell and stimulate protein synthesis. The effect can be reversed by removing extracellular chloride ions with a chelating agent or by blocking voltage gated calcium channels with a local anesthetic.

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Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity E Applications Used for the experimental and clinical treatment of neoplastic and viral diseases. Fluorouracil EP Impurity E. References Yu, H., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268, 15935 (1993), Staleva, L., et al.: Mutat. Res., 370, 81(1996), Harris, V., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 326, 1389 (2003)

N6-Ethenoadenine is a nucleoside that is generated during DNA repair. It is formed by the enzymatic activity of the enzyme N6-adenosyltransferase in the presence of ATP and S-adenosylmethionine. It has been shown to be a potent inducer of DNA damage and mutagenesis, as well as an inhibitor of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA replication. N6-Ethenoadenine is also an agonist for P2Y receptors, which are important in chemical biology. This nucleoside may serve as a potential biomarker for genotoxic events, such as chemotherapy treatments or exposure to ionizing radiation.

N2-Acetyl-O6-diphenylcarbamoylguanine is an amide nucleoside that is a potent antiviral agent. It inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase. N2-Acetyl-O6-diphenylcarbamoylguanine also has reactive functional groups that can react with other molecules, such as human serum albumin, to form conjugates that are more stable and can be used for long periods of time. This nucleoside is synthesized by reacting uridine with chloroacetamide and then reacting the resulting product with diphenylcarbamoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The ring opening reaction leads to the formation of a glycosidic linkage between N2-Acetyl-O6-diphenylcarbamoylguanine and the sugar molecule. This nucleoside has been shown to

1-(2-Deoxy-(2-Fluoroarabinofuranosyl))-5-Vinyluracil (1DF5U) is a reactive functional group that can be used for diagnosis in telecommunication. 1DF5U has been shown to react with the amine group of adducts of polyamines, such as diamines and amino acids, with an electrophilic nature. The reactive functional group is attached to the 5' end of uridine, which is a component of DNA and RNA. 1DF5U reacts with the amine group on the polyamine adducts to form a covalent bond, which can be detected by mass spectrometry. This technique has been shown to detect cancerous cells in data sets that were previously thought to be benign.

Applications 1,3-Diethyl-6-aminouracil (cas# 41740-15-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

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3'-Fluoro-2',3'-Dideoxy-5'-Bromouridine (3'FDDBU) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of the hepatitis B virus. 3'FDDBU binds to the RNA polymerase, preventing the synthesis of viral proteins. 3'FDDBU has been shown to be effective in vivo against sarcoma viruses and human immunodeficiency virus, although it is not active against other viruses such as influenza virus or herpes simplex virus. The effective dose for 3'FDDBU is approximately 2 mg/kg given once daily. This drug has been shown to inhibit guanine incorporation into DNA and RNA, which may account for its antiviral activity.

5-(3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-propynyl) 2'-deoxyuridine is a potential anti-herpes drug that inhibits the synthesis of dna and proteins in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. 5-(3,3,3-trifluoropropynyl) 2'-deoxyuridine has also been shown to have anti-tumour activity. The drug is able to inhibit the growth of human fibroblasts by blocking viral gene expression and interfering with viral replication. This drug can be used concomitantly with other antiviral drugs such as acyclovir or ganciclovir to treat herpes simplex virus infections. 5-(3,3,3-trifluoropropynyl) 2'-deoxyuridine does not affect cell growth in cells that are not infected with the herpes simplex virus.

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7-Cyano-7-deaza-2’-deoxyguanosine is a pyrrole nucleoside analog that has been shown to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in human cell lines. 7-Cyano-7-deaza-2’-deoxyguanosine is a synthetic nucleoside analog that is structurally similar to deoxyadenosine, but with a cyanide group instead of an oxygen atom. This compound has been shown to have the same biochemical properties as deoxyadenosine, including inhibiting the incorporation of uridine into RNA and DNA. In addition, 7-Cyano-7-deaza-2’-deoxyguanosine inhibits the synthesis of proteins from amino acids by competitive inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. The enzyme's function

8-Chloroadenine is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the DNA replication of bacteria by binding to the dna template. It is a potent inhibitor of oxidative DNA damage and has been shown to be effective against various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. 8-Chloroadenine also has reactive properties and can react with chloride in the environment to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and 8-chloroguanine. This compound may also act as an enzyme catalyst for the enzymatic reaction between hypochlorous acid and chloride ions.

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(R)-(+)-9-(2-Hydroxypropyl)adenine (HPA) is a carbocyclic nucleoside that has been shown to be effective against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HPA inhibits the reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes, which are necessary for HIV replication. It also inhibits phosphorylation of host cell proteins, leading to decreased viral protein synthesis. The reaction yield of this compound is high and it can be industrially produced with a synthetic process. HPA is synthesized from adenosine by the addition of two hydroxyl groups on the adjacent carbon atoms. HPA has a low energy ring-opening reaction with hydrogen chloride, which leads to its potent inhibition of HIV infection.

Applications 3-Methyluridine can be used in biological and analytical studies of comprehensive profiling of ribonucleosides modification by affinity zirconium oxide-​silica composite monolithic column online solid-​phase microextraction - mass spectrometry analysis. References Jiang, H., et al.: J Chromatogr A, 1462, 90 (2016)

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9-(4-Acetoxy-3-acetoxymethylbutyl)-2-amino-6-chloropurine is a purine derivative that has been synthesized by the chlorination of 9-(4-acetoxy-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)-6-chloropurine. It is an oxidant that can be used for the synthesis of other purine derivatives. The structure of this compound has been determined using X-ray crystallography and it is a diacetate. 9-(4-Acetoxy-3-acetoxymethylbutyl)-2-amino-6-chloropurine is also a reagent that can be used in the measurement of guanine, which is an important nucleic acid base found in DNA and RNA.

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5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a metabolite of the nucleic acid cytosine. It is an epigenetic modification that alters gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine has been shown to be a potential biomarker of cellular transformation and is involved in axonal growth, transcriptional regulation, and leukemia inhibitory factor. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine binds to nuclear dna, which inhibits replication by binding to the duplexes of dna (the double helix) and halting transcriptional elongation. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine also binds cell factor, which is necessary for cell proliferation and differentiation.

Applications 5,6-Dihydrothymine is a derivative of Thymine, a nucleobase in the nucleic acid of DNA . 5,6-Dihydrothymine is a radiolysis product of DNA. References Hubbard, K. et al.: Biochemistry, 28, 4382 (1989); Cadet, J. et al.: Int. J. Rad. Biol. Rel. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med., 39, 119 (1981);

4-[2'-(7''-Deazaguanine)ethyl]benzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester is a useful intermediate in the synthesis of 7''-deazaguanine, which is a key building block in the synthesis of DNA. 4-[2'-(7''-Deazaguanine)ethyl]benzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester is a versatile building block that can be used in the synthesis of complex compounds. It has been shown to react with amines, sulfonyl chlorides, and epoxides to form amides, sulfonamides, and epoxy amines respectively. The CAS number for this compound is 204257-65-8.

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Celfinder: safe, sensitive dye for nucleic acid electrophoresis; low-toxicity alternative to carcinogenic EB.

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Cyanine 3 Tyramide (Cy3), an orange dye, amplifies HRP signals in immunoassays and nucleic acid hybridization.

(R)-9-[2-(Diethylphosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (TENOFOVIR) is an antiviral drug that belongs to the class of nucleoside analogues. It is a prodrug, which is converted by phosphorylation to its active form in vivo. TENOFOVIR has been shown to be effective against HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus, with a low incidence of adverse reactions. TENOFOVIR is administered orally and can be taken as a tablet or capsule. The industrial production of TENOFOVIR uses ion-exchange resins for purification and hydrogen chloride gas for the removal of impurities.

Cy3, ethylenediamine is a reactive dye used to label carboxyl groups of biological molecules.

CY7-SE (Sulfo-Cyanine7 Succinimidyl Ester) is a fluorescence labeling agent (Ex=700-770 nm,Em=790 nm) used for labeling proteins, peptides, antibodies, and

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Intermediate in the synthesis of istradefylline

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6-(Fluoromethyl)-Uracil is a radioactive compound that has a half-life of about 8.5 hours. It is an actinide, atomic number 85, and the heaviest member of the actinoid series. 6-(Fluoromethyl)-Uracil can be used in radiation therapy as it emits alpha particles or positrons. The element was first synthesized by bombarding californium with alpha particles in 1950 at the University of California, Berkeley. The symbol for this element is Cf and its atomic number is 223. 6-(Fluoromethyl)-Uracil is a source of radioactivity because it emits alpha particles during decay.

1-(3-Carboxypropylcarbamoyl)-5-Fluorouracil (1-CPC) is an antitumour agent that has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and proliferation. 1-CPC is active against solid tumours and leukaemia, and is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). 1-CPC has been shown to be effective in the treatment of liver cancer, as it inhibits the production of glutathione, which is needed for detoxification. It also prevents the conversion of 5FU into its active form by inhibiting the enzyme thymidine kinase. In some cases, 1-CPC can be used to monitor serum levels in patients with cirrhosis or ascites. The drug binds to cellular RNA, and can be detected by liquid chromatography.

6-Ethoxypurine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. It is used in cell culture to measure the effects of radiation and hydrochloric acid on the production of ATP. 6-Ethoxypurine has been shown to inhibit influenza virus replication with an IC50 of 10 μM. This compound has reactive hydroxyl groups that allow it to participate in hydrogen bonding, which can be beneficial for interactions with other molecules. 6-Ethoxypurine also exhibits nucleophilic properties, which allows it to react with other chemical species and can be useful for generating new chemical compounds.

5-Hydroxymethyluridine is a nucleoside that is synthesized from uridine. It has shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and also has antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus. 5-Hydroxymethyluridine has been shown to have a high affinity for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HIC) and can be used to purify glycosylases. This compound can also inhibit the formation of cancer cells by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase II. 5-Hydroxymethyluridine has been found to demethylate DNA while maintaining its ability to bind with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II. This process is catalyzed by glycosylases and hydroxylases that are found in the body.

8-Nitroguanine is a reactive cell factor that can be found in the skin and other tissues. It is an endogenous product of nitric oxide, which can be formed by the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide in the presence of peroxynitrite. 8-Nitroguanine has been shown to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and to have a protective effect on cells from UV radiation. 8-Nitroguanine also has been shown to be a potential biomarker for bowel disease and damage. The levels of 8-nitroguanine increase in chronic viral hepatitis and cancer tissues. This compound can also be used as an analytical method for detection of inflammation, oxidative stress, or DNA damage.

6-Chloro-2-iodopurine is a drug that binds to the soluble guanylate cyclase, an enzyme that produces cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). It is used to treat chronic pain. 6CI has been shown to have anti-cancer properties due to its ability to inhibit adenosine receptors, which are involved in tumor development. 6CI also inhibits inflammatory responses by blocking the inflammatory response and inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. The synthesis of 6CI involves nucleophilic substitution reactions on 2-iodopurine with iodoacetic acid followed by cross-coupling reactions with chloride. This product should be handled with care as it can cause skin and eye irritation.