Fuente botánica

Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside is a flavonoid glycoside, classified as a secondary plant metabolite. This compound is primarily sourced from various medicinal plants, where it is naturally present as a bioactive constituent. Its mode of action is predominantly based on its antioxidative properties. By scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative stress, it may contribute to the stabilization of cellular environments and reduction of oxidative damage within biological systems. Research into Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside has explored its potential applications in fields such as pharmacology and nutraceuticals. It is being studied for its possible protective roles in diseases related to oxidative stress, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Ongoing investigations aim to elucidate its molecular pathways and therapeutic relevance, supporting the development of novel strategies to harness its biochemical properties.

Theaflavin-3-gallate has anticancer and apoptotic effects in non-small cell lung carcinoma, it acts as prooxidants and induce oxidative stress, with carcinoma cells more sensitive than normal fibroblasts. Theaflavin-3-gallate can play a role in decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption via inhibition of micelle formation.

Quinovic acid 3-O-(6-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside) 28-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl ester is a natural triterpenoid glycoside, which is derived from plants belonging to the Rubiaceae family. This compound is primarily extracted from the bark of certain species, such as those from the genus *Uncaria*. With its complex glycoside structure, it acts by modulating various biochemical pathways, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral mechanisms, possibly through the inhibition of viral replication or interference with inflammatory cytokine production. The potential applications of Quinovic acid 3-O-(6-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside) 28-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl ester are diverse. It has been subject to research in pharmacology for its prospective uses in treating viral infections and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, its role in traditional medicine systems as a natural remedy underscores its importance in drug development studies aimed at discovering novel therapeutics derived from natural products.

Tenacigenoside A is a glycoside compound, which is derived from the plant genus Marsdenia, often found in traditional Chinese medicine. It is primarily sourced from the roots and leaves of Marsdenia tenacissima, a plant known for its diverse range of bioactive compounds. The mode of action of Tenacigenoside A involves the modulation of cellular pathways, including apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, suggesting its potential role in influencing various biological processes. Research has indicated that Tenacigenoside A may exhibit antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibit cell proliferation makes it a compound of interest for oncological studies. Furthermore, due to its complex interaction with cellular targets, it is being explored for its therapeutic potential against various diseases beyond cancer, such as inflammatory disorders. Consequently, Tenacigenoside A is a subject of ongoing investigation aimed at elucidating its full spectrum of activities and potential clinical applications.

Ziyuglycoside I, isolated from S. officinalis root extract, has anti-wrinkle activity, could be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.

Methyl hesperidin has potentiating effect on coronary vasodilation induced by adenosine or related compounds, It caused inhibition of nitrendipine transport in the ileum and jejunum, but not in the duodenum. Methyl hesperidin exerts no obvious toxic effects in mice of either sex when administered at a level as high as 5.0% in the diet.

Saikosaponin B2(SSb2) is an efficient inhibitor of early entry, including neutralization of virus particles, preventing viral attachment, and inhibiting viral entry/fusion, SSb2 may be of value for development as an antagonist of entry and could be explored as prophylactic treatment during the course of liver transplantation.

Taxifolin 7-O-rhamnoside is a natural product from Hypericum japonicum.

Neochlorogenic acid (NCA) is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants, has shown that phenolic acids including NCA have outstanding antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antipyretic activities, it also exerts neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways in activated microglia.

Dehydrocostus lactone(DCL) is exuded from sunflower roots and low DCL concentrations stimulate germination of the root parasite Orobanche cumana.

Troxerutin is a flavonoid compound, which is derived from the natural bioflavonoid rutin, typically sourced from plants such as Sophora japonica. Its mode of action is primarily through its vasoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Troxerutin acts by stabilizing vascular endothelial cells, reducing capillary permeability, and enhancing microcirculation. It also scavenges free radicals and inhibits lipid peroxidation, which helps in mitigating oxidative stress. Troxerutin is used extensively in the medical and pharmaceutical fields for its therapeutic applications. It is primarily indicated for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and hemorrhoids due to its capacity to improve venous tone and decrease capillary fragility. Additionally, it is also explored for its potential neuroprotective effects and its capability to ameliorate diabetic complications due to its significant antioxidant activity. Research continues into its broad-spectrum pharmacological activities and potential applications in managing cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

Rhoifolin possesses a variety of significant biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects, it may be beneficial for diabetic complications through its enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and GLUT4 translocation. Rhoifolin has a radioprotective effect against radiation-induced decrease of blood platelets and cardiac biochemical lesions in whole body irradiated mice.

Aescin polysulphate sodium salt is a synthetic anti-inflammatory compound, designed as an enhanced version of the natural saponin, aescin, derived from horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanum). The modification to create the polysulphate sodium salt increases the solubility and bioavailability of the compound, facilitating its absorption and effectiveness in biological systems. The primary mode of action involves the stabilization of capillary walls and the inhibition of the action of certain enzymes that degrade connective tissues, which helps reduce inflammation and edema. This molecular interaction is crucial in various therapeutic contexts, making it a valuable agent in treating conditions that involve excessive fluid retention and swelling. Aescin polysulphate sodium salt finds applications predominantly in the medical and pharmaceutical industries for the management of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, and post-operative edema. Ongoing research is expanding its potential applications, focusing on its impact on microcirculation improvement and its anti-inflammatory properties, potentially benefiting a range of pathophysiological conditions involving edema and inflammation.

Palmatine hydrochloride (PaH), a naturally occurring photosensitizer isolated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), can induce remarkable cell apoptosis ,significantly increase intracellular ROS level and significantly kill breast cancer MCF-7 cells; it also has potential in photodynamic therapy on colon adenocarcinoma.[1,2]

Beta-Ecdysterone slowly reduces food consumption and then indirectly induces a state of starvation resulting in the elevation of the mRNA levels of InR , IRS , PI3K110 , and PDK in the Bombyx fat body during molting and pupation, and Beta-Ecdysterone inhibits innate immunity in the fat body during Bombyx postembryonic development.[1,2]

Azadirachtin has antifungal activity, it used as insecticides.

Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation.

Calycosin, a major isoflavonoid isolated from Radix Astragal, induces angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo via the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA expression;it acts similar to other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to promote angiogenesis via activation of MAPK with the involvement of ERK1/2 and ER. , such as raloxifene and tamoxifen, by displaying selective potency and affinity to estrogen receptors ERa and ERb.

Hesperetin exerts dose dependent chemopreventive effect against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis.

3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid has kinetics governing the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase-catalyzed reactions.

(-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC) can suppress oxidation of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro.

Stevioside - min 75% is a high-purity glycoside compound that functions as a natural sweetener. It is derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant, a member of the Asteraceae family, which is native to Paraguay and Brazil. This compound works by interacting with the sweet receptors on the tongue, specifically the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 receptors, to provide a sweet taste sensation that is several hundred times sweeter than sucrose, without contributing to caloric intake. The principal applications of Stevioside are in the food and beverage industry, where it is employed as a sugar substitute in products such as soft drinks, desserts, and confectionery. Its non-caloric nature makes it highly valuable for the development of low-calorie and diabetic-friendly products. Moreover, due to its stable nature across a range of pH levels and temperatures, it is an ideal additive for products undergoing various manufacturing processes. In addition to its sweetening properties, Stevioside may offer potential health benefits, such as antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive effects, although these require further research for comprehensive understanding.

Asperulosidic acid has been recently used in chinese medicine as a useful drug against some tumors. It has anticlastogenic activity, since the anticlastogenic irridoids have an alpha-unsaturated carbonyl group, this structure is considered to play an important role in the anticlastogenicity. Asperulosidic acid can inhibit the seed germination and growth of seedlings of large crabgrass. Asperulosidic acid, and 6-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-O-octanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose are effective in suppressing 12-O-tedtradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell transformation and associated AP-1 activity.

Cyanidin-3- O -glucoside, is one of the main component of mulberry anthocyanins,has protective effects from blackberry extract against peroxynitrite-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular failure.

Hypaconitine (HA), an active and highly toxic constituent derived from Aconitum species, is widely used to treat rheumatism, the hepatic cytochrome P450-catalyzed metabolism of HA.