Mahoniae Caulis

Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride has lipid lowering effects, it can ameliorate hyperlipidemia via the suppression of lipogenesis and the enhancement of lipid oxidation in the liver. It exhibits a potent inhibitory effect toward neuraminidase of the H7N9 (N9) avian influenza virus, it also can potentiate the neuraminidase inhibitory effect of oseltamivir towards H7N9 influenza. Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride is a potential new antimelanoma drug candidate, can inhibit the proliferation and neovascularization of C8161 metastatic melanoma cells with low toxicity.

3-oxo-Olean-12-en-28-oic acid and kulinone have cytotoxic effects, with IC50 values of 5.6-21.2 μg/mL.

Betulinic acid is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, acts as a eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM, and possesses anti-HIV, anti-malarial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties.Betulinic acid is a selective inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells, it inhibits activation of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression induced by carcinogens and inflammatory stimuli.

Betulinaldehyde exhibits antimicrobial activity against reference strains of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. It shows antimycobacterial activity against with values of 25 microg/ml.