Sustratos de enzimas

Aldol® 518 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of alpha-D-glucosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by alpha-D-glucosidase, generating red fluorescent signal and in some conditions, an orange colour in the visible spectrum can get formed, staining bacterial colonies in faint orange coloration. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Calcium 2-naphthylphosphate, which is the calcim salt of 2-naphthylphosphate, is a chromogenic substrate to measure alkaline phosphatase activity. After enzymatic cleavage, the product yielded (2-naphthol) generates a red-colored complex upon reaction with a diazonium salt like Fast Blue RR or Fast Garnet GBC.

Aldol® 515 caprylate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of lipase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by C8 esterases, yielding development of red coloration. In addition, red fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 caprylate can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 515 caprylate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.

6-Chloro-3-indolyl butyrate is a chromogenic substrate for lipases. Use in lipid digestion and metabolism studies, it produces a salmon-pink color when 6-chloro-3-indolyl is released after enzymatic cleavage.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-trifluoroacetamido-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for the detection and quantification of hexosaminidase enzymes. Upon cleavage by the target enzyme, it generates a bright fluorescent signal facilitating the investigation of enzyme activity, screening of inhibitors, and diagnostics.

For the detection of beta-galactosidase activity

Histochemical substrate for esterase

Luc-Salmonella is a bioluminescent substrate for bacterial luciferase use to detect Salmonella.

Methyl 4-nitrophenyl hexylphosphonate is a phosphonate inhibitor of the enzyme serine esterase. It has been shown to be more potent than other irreversible inhibitors such as ethyl 4-nitrophenyl hexylphosphonate and methyl 4-nitrophenoxybutyl phosphate. This compound is an immobilized form of the methyl 4-nitrophenyl hexylphosphonate that is immobilized on an inert surface, such as silica gel, via a covalent bonding process. The immobilization of the molecule ensures that it will not leach from the surface and is stable over time. The molecular weight of this substance is 411.5 Daltons and its molecular formula is C8H15NO4P. This substance has a diameter of 0.8 nm and can be found in crystalline form with a melting point of 143 degrees Celsius at atmospheric pressure. Methyl 4-nitrophenyl

Applications Substrate for TenA enzyme in the thiamin salvage pathway References Jenkins, A., et al.: Nat. Chem. Biol., 3, 492 (2007), Jenkins, A., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 36, 29 (2008),

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-fucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-L-fucosidase activity is used for fucosidosis diagnosis (deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-fucosidase) and lysosomal storage disorder screening.

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a substrate used to measure the alpha-mannosidase activity. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the lysosomal degradation of asparagine-linked carbohydrate cores of glycoproteinsis. The use of 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside in diagnostic assays is important as a deficiency in alpha-mannosidase leads to the accumulation of mannose-rich oligosaccharides in lysosomes, causing a range of health problems collectively known as alpha-mannosidosis.

Sensitive fluorogenic substrate for fluorometric and UV-spectrophotometric assays of phosphatases.

5-(Pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluoroscein di-b-D-galactopyranoside, commonly referred as PFB-FDG or PFB-FDGal, is a cell-permeable enzyme substrate for β-galactosidase used in live cell imaging assays. After cleavage, 5-(pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluorescein (PFB-F) is released, generating a green fluorescence (Em ~520 nm)) of a higher intensity than fluorescein. Its main use is for bacterial detection (e.g. E. coli LacZ assays), but also for flow cytometry analytical assays.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is modified acetylated chromogenic substrate designed for the detection and quantification of enzyme activity. This highly specific substrate is cleaved by enzymes, releasing a yellow 4-nitrophenol product that can be easily measured spectrophotometrically. This allows for accurate and sensitive analysis of enzyme kinetics, inhibition studies, and substrate specificity determination.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alpha-xylosidase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-xylopyranoside is used in bacterial xylan metabolism studies and plant cell wall degradation assays.

2-Naphthyl-α-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate for α-glucosidase. 2-Naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding reddish-brown azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.

For visualizing enzymatic activity

Chromogenic substrate for α-galactosidase yielding a blue precipitate. Used for species differentiation within the family Enterobacteriaceae and differentiation of Bifido bacteria species from Lactobacillus species.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-cellobioside is a crystalline compound that is used in microbiological studies. It inhibits the growth of organisms by binding to active enzymes and preventing the formation of ATP. The crystalline form of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3 indoxyl beta D cellobioside has been shown to be effective against recombinantly produced proteins in proteomic studies. This compound has also been shown to inhibit the activity of hydrolytic enzymes, which are involved in both carbohydrate and protein metabolism. 5-Bromo-4 chloro 3 indoxyl beta D cellobioside has been found to be expressed at endogenous levels in a number of organs, including the liver, kidney, brain, and spleen.

L-Histidine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a fluorogenic substrate, which is a synthetic chemical that is used as a substitute for natural substrates. It reacts with enzymes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to produce light. This product has been used as an enzyme substrate, a diagnostic tool and has been used to detect bacterial growth in culture media. L-Histidine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is also used for food testing and environmental testing, where it can be used as a chromogenic substrate or conjugate respectively. This product has CAS number 5981-00-6 and molecular weight of 254.27 g/mol.

Luc-phosphate Na enhanced is a bioluminescent substrate used to detect phosphatase activity in bacterial assays.

4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-benzylidene-2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-[4-methoxybenzyl]-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-a-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in diagnostic assays to measure the activity of enzymes such as β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase. It is also an enzyme substrate for culture media and chemiluminescence. This product has a CAS number of 57316-92-8.

Caspase substrates are a class of pharmacological agents that regulate apoptosis. Caspases are proteases that cleave specific proteins in the cell, leading to apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic proteins activate caspases, while anti-apoptotic proteins inhibit them. Caspase substrates can be either pro-caspase or anti-caspase, depending on the desired effect. They may also be used to regulate caspases without affecting their activity. The caspase substrate is cleaved by caspases and releases a polypeptide fragment that triggers apoptosis in some cells, but not others. For example, the Hl-60 cell line is resistant to the pro-apoptotic effects of the substrate because it contains an anti-apoptotic protein called Bcl-2. In contrast, myocardial cells contain pro-apoptotic proteins and are sensitive to the pro-apoptotic effects of the substrate. In

Aldol® 515 caprylate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of lipase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by C8 esterases, yielding development of red coloration. In addition, red fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 caprylate can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 515 caprylate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.

4-Methylumbelliferone is a fluorescent probe that can be used to study the metabolism of fatty acids in plants. It is also used as a marker for radiation and significant cytotoxicity. 4-Methylumbelliferone binds to the DNA termini, specifically at the 5' phosphate group, and inhibits phosphatase activity. This process increases levels of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (a substrate), which produces protocatechuic acid (an intermediate). The disulfide bond is then broken by hydrogen peroxide, leading to an increase in fluorescence. The optimum pH for this process is 7.5.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase that yields a salmon or rose-coloured precipitate and hence is also known as Salmon-Gal. It can be used in conjunction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) as an alternative to the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) for detection of beta-galactosidase activity in bacterial colonies in colorimetric assays. Where beta-galactosidase expressed from a reporter gene in molecular biology experiments, recombinant colonies on growth plates are salmon-coloured while non-recombinants appear as white. Use of nitroblue tetrazolium salt (NBT) with Salmon-Gal may provide faster results, yielding a clear, purple precipitate, than for Salmon-Gal alone. In conjunction with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucoside (X-Glc), Salmon-Gal is useful for simultaneous detection of GUS and Lac activities in the same medium.

6'-(Diethylamino)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of ATP. It reacts with the luciferase enzyme to produce light, which can be detected by a luminometer. 6'-(Diethylamino)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3'-yl b-D-galactopyranoside is used in a variety of applications, including diagnostics, food testing, and environmental monitoring.

5-Amino-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (AIG) is a chromogenic substrate that is used for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity. AIG is also used in food testing, diagnostics, and environmental testing. The detection of beta-galactosidase activity can be done by either using the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl galactopyranoside or the bioluminescence system of firefly luciferase and luciferin. This product has a CAS number of 110114-03-0 and a molecular weight of 417.5 g/mol.

N-(3-Sulfopropyl)-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) sodium salt is a highly sensitive chromogenic substrate used for the detection and quantification of peroxidase enzyme activity. This water-soluble substrate undergoes a color change from colorless to blue upon oxidation by peroxidase enzymes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The reaction can be stopped by adding an acid, resulting in a yellow color that can be measured spectrophotometrically. TMB sodium salt is widely used in various applications, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic tests, due to its high sensitivity, low background signal, and excellent stability.

N-CBZ-L-Lysyl-L-lysyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin triacetate is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase.

6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl hexadecanoate is a chromogenic substrate for an enzyme that oxidizes it to produce a blue color. It can be used in the diagnosis of bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis and leprosy. 6CHIH is a ligand for various enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid. This compound reacts with oxygen to produce light in the presence of a catalyst. 6CHIH is also used as a fluorescent tag for protein labeling and detection. 6CHIH has been shown to be effective in detecting bacteria in food products and water samples using bioluminescence techniques. The high purity and quality of this compound make it suitable for use in diagnostics, culture media, and environmental testing.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-L-fucopyranoside (X-Fuc) is a chromogenic substrate specifically designed for the identification and detection of fucosidase enzyme activity. Upon cleavage by fucosidase, it generates a blue-colored 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-indole precipitate, which can be easily observed under a microscope or spectrophotometer. This feature makes X-Fuc an invaluable tool across various applications, such as biochemical analysis, histochemical staining, cell biology, and enzyme kinetic assays. By providing a fast, sensitive, and reliable readout for fucosidase activity, 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-L-fucopyranoside facilitates essential research in the understanding of biological processes and the development of therapeutic interventions.

2-Nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate commonly used to assay the activity of glucosidases. Upon cleavage of the glycosidic bond by glucosidases, the released 2-nitrophenyl group yields a yellow color detectable by spectrophotometry. This substrate has high sensitivity and is widely used in a variety of applications, including drug discovery and enzyme kinetics studies.

Chromogenic substrate for mannosidase

4-Methylumbelliferyl pyrophosphate diester disodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for pyrophosphatases or diphosphatases. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl pyrophosphate diester disodium saltas a substrate for measuring the pyrophosphatases or diphosphatases activity is used for monitoring and diagnosis of pyrophosphatase deficiency and bone metabolism disorder.

N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide hydrochloride is commonly used as a substrate in various enzymatic assays, particularly for studying proteases like trypsin and chymotrypsin. It serves as a synthetic substrate to measure the activity of these enzymes. For instance, it has been used to determine trypsin activity in different organisms and tissues. The substrate has also been employed in studying the enzymatic properties of various proteases, including those found in latex, snake venoms,  and plant seeds. Additionally, it has been utilized to assess the effects of different compounds on trypsin activity, such as condensed tannins and wine.

A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.

Coelenterazine is a bio-luminescent substrate of luciferases such as Renilla luciferase (Rluc) and Gaussia luciferase (Gluc). The main applications of Coelenterazine are monitoring of reporter genes and chemiluminescence-based methods for Calcium detection. The substrate is also used in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), ELISA, HTS and chemiluminescent detection of superoxide anion and peroxynitritein cells or tissues. About this grade Coelenterazine, native, dried (C-7002): in order to provide milligram and sub-milligram quantities of native Coelenterazine we pre-dissolve the substance; defined amounts of Coelenterazine are subsequently dried under nitrogen in individual vials. Coelenterazine, native, dried is identical in quality and chemistry to our product Coelenterazine, native which is provided as a powder. Information to the user: since Coelenterazine is sensitive to oxygen, degas your solvents for stock solutions, if possible. To dissolve Coelenterazine, native, dried please proceed as follows. 1) Add the appropriate amount of solvent. If possible through the septum using a needle. Otherwise open the cap with pliers. 2) Vortex the closed vial briefly to completely dissolve the content of the vial. 3) Take out the solution, if possible with a needle through the septum.

5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl b-D-glucuronide cyclohexylammonium salt is a magenta enzyme substrate commonly used in biochemical assays. This compound is a derivative of indole, containing bromine and chlorine atoms at positions 5 and 6, respectively. The glucuronide moiety is attached to the indolyl ring, and the cyclohexylammonium cation serves as a counterion to balance the charge. This substrate is often utilized in the detection and quantification of β-glucuronidase activity, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucuronides. Upon cleavage by β-glucuronidase, the substrate produces a magenta-colored product, allowing for easy visualization and measurement of enzyme activity.