Neuroscience

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human NCAN. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human NCAN. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human NCAN, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human NCAN in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Guinea pig HB. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Guinea pig HB. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Guinea pig HB, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Guinea pig HB in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Applications 6-Methyl Pergolide is a potent antagonist of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors on porcine cardiac valves, it also activates brain dopaminergic receptors and lowers cranial DOPAC levels in rats (1,2). References (1) Fuller, R.W., et al.: Neuroendocrinol., 36, 285 (1983)(2) Goernemann, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 324, 1136 (2008)

VU-29 is a positive allosteric mGlu5 receptor modulator with EC50=9 nM and Ki=244 nM for rmGluR5. It is selective for mGluR5 relative to other mGluR subtypes.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat NRP1. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat NRP1. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat NRP1, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat NRP1 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

2-Methyl-5-HT hydrochloride (2-Methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) is a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist with anti-depressive-like effects.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human NPH4. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human NPH4. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human NPH4, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human NPH4 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

ALX-1393 is a selective GlyT2 inhibitor that effectively reduces neuronal action potential activity in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibits the

This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Rat DA. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat DA. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat DA in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Rat NMB. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat NMB. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat NMB in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse GDNF. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse GDNF. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse GDNF, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse GDNF in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Applications Buphedrone is cathinone derivative that acts as a stimulant. It is similar in structure as well as effects to Methcathinone (M225925) and Ethcathinone (E899200). Controlled Substance. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Nycz, J.E. et al.: J. Mol. Struct., 1002, 10 (2011);

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human IGF-1. Samples (or Standards) are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody and biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human IGF-1. Then Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Human IGF-1, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human IGF-1. You can calculate the concentration of Human IGF-1 in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human CPT2. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human CPT2. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human CPT2, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human CPT2 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse PARK7. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse PARK7. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse PARK7, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse PARK7 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Felbinac (Dapson), a topical medicine, is an active metabolite of fenbufen. Felbinac is belonging to the family of NSAIDs of the arylpropionic acid class.

Brexanolone caprilcerbate is an effective positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor.

Velufenacin is an antagonist of muscarinic receptor[1].

Temgicoluril (mebikar) acts on GABA Receptor.

CBiPES hydrochloride (CBiPES HCl) is an orthosteric modulator of the mGlu2 receptor and is used to study neurological disorders like epilepsy.

NF157, a selective P2Y11 antagonist with pKi 7.35, lowers MMP-3/MMP-13, aiding OA treatment; IC50s: P2Y11 463 nM, P2Y1 1811 μM, P2Y2 170 μM.

This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Rat NPFF. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat NPFF. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat NPFF in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

(S)-Mirtazapine ((S)-Org3770) is a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with pro-nociceptive effects that can be used to study depression.

MK-3328, a potential Alzheimer's drug, binds β-Amyloid with strong affinity (IC50:10.5 nM) and may serve as a PET ligand to gauge plaque load.

This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Human GnRH. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human GnRH. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human GnRH in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

LY 272015 hydrochloride is a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist.

Seganserin, a 5-HT2 antagonist, negates fluoxetine and quipazine's effects on hyperphagia, depression, and pain.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Zebrafish AchE. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Zebrafish AchE. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Zebrafish AchE, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Zebrafish AchE in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Dextromilnacipran (Levomilnacipran) is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human PSA, and the Human PSA standard plate wells that pre-coated using protein-related techniques are provided separately. Standard/Sample Diluent Buffer or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells ,then added a HRP-conjugated antibody specific to Human PSA. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human PSA and HRP-conjugated antibody will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human PSA in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Human Anti-PLP1. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human Anti-PLP1. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human Anti-PLP1 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Darigabat (PF-06372865) is a GABAA receptor modulator with anxiolytic activity that inhibits α2, α1 PAM, and α2 PAM.

Alprenolol hydrochloride is a non-selective blocker of beta, and also is a antagonist of5-HT1A receptor.

TCN238 is an orally bioavailable positive allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4with an EC50 of 1 μM).

Nelotanserin (APD125): strong 5-HT2A inverse agonist (IC50: 1.7 nM), moderate 5-HT2C (79 nM), weak 5-HT2B (791 nM).

Compound (R)-10a, an NMDA receptor antagonist, exhibits selectivity for the GluN2B subunit, possessing a Ki of 265 nM and an IC50 of 62 nM.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Sheep CASP8. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Sheep CASP8. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Sheep CASP8, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Sheep CASP8 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human STX2. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human STX2. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human STX2, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human STX2 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Xanomeline: orally active, M1/M4 selective activator for neurological disorders; promising in trials, crosses blood-brain barrier, liver metabolized.

Timepidium bromide is an agent of anticholinergic.

Impurity Citalopram EP Impurity B Applications 3-Hydroxy Citalopram (Citalopram EP Impurity B) is a Citalopram (C505000) impurity.

Pelubiprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a COX-2 inhibitor, which effectively reduces PGE(2) production by inhibiting COX activity.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat GRIN2A. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat GRIN2A. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat GRIN2A, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat GRIN2A in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human NFIB. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human NFIB. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human NFIB, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human NFIB in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with SP. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to SP. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of SP in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

VU0422288 (ML396) is a type III mGlu receptor (mGlus) orthosteric modulator with inhibitory effects on mGluR4.VU0422288 can be used to study Rett syndrome.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human NEP. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human NEP. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human NEP, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human NEP in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

IEM 1754 2HBr (IEM 1754 dihydrobromide) is a selective AMPA/kainate receptor blockers for GluR1 and GluR3 with IC50 of 6 μM.

Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromfenac monosodium salt sesquihydrate) is the sodium salt form of bromfenac, a NSAID with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human EPHA2. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human EPHA2. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human EPHA2, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human EPHA2 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Ru-32514 is a benzodiazepine receptor agonist.

Quetiapine treats schizophrenia and bipolar I, targeting serotonin, dopamine, and adrenoreceptor subtypes, plus H1 histamine receptor.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human GRIA1. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human GRIA1. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human GRIA1, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human GRIA1 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse NEF3. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse NEF3. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse NEF3, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse NEF3 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

This assay employs the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with Rat Dyn. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat Dyn. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat Dyn in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human NPSR. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human NPSR. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human NPSR, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human NPSR in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

EMD 56551 is a selective small molecule 5-HT1A receptor agonist with anxiolytic activity for the study of anxiety disorders.

Darifenacin (UK-88525) is a muscarinic receptor M3 antagonist with anticonvulsant activity and can be used to study urinary incontinence and overactive bladder.

BQCA (benzylquinolone carboxylic acid) a highly selective allosteric M1 mAChR modulator.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse VEGFB. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse VEGFB. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse VEGFB, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse VEGFB in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human SNAPAP. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human SNAPAP. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human SNAPAP, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human SNAPAP in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

cis-Urocanic acid ((E)-Urocanic acid) is a 5-HT2A receptor agonist (Kd: 4.6 nM).

AChE-IN-83 (compound f1) is an AChE inhibitor that suppresses nematode growth and acetylcholinesterase activity in rice seeds while being safe for the seeds. It specifically targets Aphelenchoides besseyi, with an LC50 of 19.0 μg/mL over 48 hours. AChE-IN-83 impedes nematode populations and behaviors in rice seeds, damages the nematode cuticle, and induces reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin, and lipid generation within the nematodes.

Urapidil hydrochloride (Urapidil HCl) is 5-HT1A receptor agonist and an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist.

Aminoacetone hydrochloride (1-Aminoacetone Hydrochloride) is an oxidative agent that induces loss of ferritin ferrireductase activity and iron uptake.