Silanes

Ester Functional Trialkoxy Silane Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials. Hydrophilic Silane - Polar - Hydrogen Bonding Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure. 2-(Carbomethoxy)ethyltrimethoxysilane; Methyl (3-trimethoxysilylpropionate) Contains ~ 20% 1-(carbomethoxy)ethyltrimethoxysilane isomerUsed in microparticle surface modification

Methacrylate Functional Trialkoxy Silane Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials. Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, MEMO Viscosity: 2 cStSpecific wetting surface: 314 m2/gCopolymerization parameters-e, Q: 0.07, 2.7Coupling agent for radical cure polymer systems and UV cure systemsWidely used in unsaturated polyester-fiberglass compositesCopolymerized with styrene in formation of sol-gel compositesAnalog of (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (SIA0200.0)Used in microparticle surface modification and dental polymer compositesSlower hydrolysis rate than methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane (SIM6483.0)Comonomer for free-radical polymerizaitonDetermined by TGA a 25% weight loss of dried hydrolysates at 395°Inhibited with MEHQ, HQ

2-(3,4-Epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane; (2-trimethoxysilylethyl)cyclohexyloxirane Epoxy functional trialkoxy silaneViscosity: 5.2 cStCoefficient of thermal expansion: 0.8 x 10-3Vapor pressure, 152 °C: 10 mmSpecific wetting surface: 317 m2/gγc of treated surfaces: 39.5 mN/mRing epoxide more reactive than glycidoxypropyl systemsUV initiated polymerization of epoxy group with weak acid donorsForms UV-curable coating resins by controlled hydrolysisUsed to make epoxy-organosilica particles w/ high positive Zeta potentialEpoxy silane treated surfaces convert to hydrophilic-diols when exposed to moisture

Bridging Silicon-Based Blocking Agent Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure. Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure. Diethyldichlorosilane; Dichlorodiethylsilane; DES ΔHvap: 41.9 kJ/molDipole moment: 2.4 debyeSurface tension: 30.3 mN/mVapor pressure, 21 °C: 10 mmThermal conductivity: 0.134 W/m°CSimilar to, but more stable derivatives than dimethylsilylenesSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure. Methyltriacetoxysilane; Methylsilane Triacetate; Triacetoxymethylsilane; MTAC Vapor pressure, 94 °C: 9 mmMost common cross-linker for condensation cure silicone RTVsFor liquid version see blend, SIM6519.2