Antimicrobiens

Quinofumelin is a fungicide, which is synthetically derived with a novel mode of action targeting specific biochemical pathways in fungi. Its unique mechanism disrupts crucial cellular processes within pathogenic fungi, thereby halting their growth and spread. This fungicide has been meticulously developed through advanced chemical synthesis to ensure high efficacy and specificity against a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens affecting various crops. The primary application of Quinofumelin is in the agricultural sector, where it plays a pivotal role in protecting crops from diseases that can compromise yield and quality. It is particularly effective against fungal diseases in cereals, fruits, and vegetables, providing a reliable solution for managing diseases such as powdery mildew, rusts, and blights. By integrating Quinofumelin into crop protection programs, researchers and agricultural professionals can enhance resistance management strategies, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices. Its deployment not only secures crop health but also contributes to food security by ensuring consistent and healthy yields.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; lincosamide

Lumefantrine is an antimalarial compound with action on erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum by inhibiting β-hematin formation and is used for treating malaria in combination with artemether.

Radicinol is a natural compound, which is a dihydroflavonol primarily sourced from plant origins. This compound is biosynthesized in specific plant species and extracted through meticulous biochemical processes to ensure its purity and efficacy. The mode of action of Radicinol involves the modulation of specific cellular pathways, conferring antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. It acts by scavenging free radicals and enhancing cellular resilience against oxidative stress. Radicinol's applications are predominantly in research settings, where its antioxidative properties are of particular interest. Scientists investigate its potential in modulating cellular responses, exploring its influence on metabolic pathways, and targeting oxidative stress-related conditions. The compound shows promise in experimental models of inflammation and cellular aging, making it a valuable subject of study in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology.

This product is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Coronarin D ethyl ether is a diterpenoid compound, which is derived from the plant Hedychium coronarium, also known as white ginger lily. This compound belongs to a class of naturally occurring chemicals with complex polycyclic structures. The source of Coronarin D ethyl ether is the rhizome of Hedychium coronarium, which is part of the Zingiberaceae family. These plants are often studied for their bioactive properties and potential therapeutic applications. The mode of action of Coronarin D ethyl ether involves the induction of apoptosis in cancerous cells. It achieves this through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways that are crucial for cell survival and proliferation. Specifically, it is known to interfere with the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is often implicated in cancer progression and inflammation. By inhibiting this pathway, Coronarin D ethyl ether can promote the apoptotic death of malignant cells. The primary applications of Coronarin D ethyl ether are in the realm of cancer research, where it is being explored for its therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent. Additionally, it is used in preclinical studies to better understand its mechanistic pathways and efficacy in various cancer models. Its ability to selectively target cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal cells makes it a compound of considerable interest in oncology research.

Macranthoside B is a natural iridoid glycoside, which is derived primarily from the roots of certain plants, such as Rehmannia species. This compound is known for its biological activity, which includes potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The mode of action of macranthoside B involves modulation of various cellular pathways, possibly through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and free radical scavenging. Macranthoside B is used extensively in scientific research to explore its pharmacological potential. Researchers investigate its applications in treating inflammatory diseases, oxidative stress-related conditions, and other health disorders. The compound's ability to influence cellular mechanisms makes it a subject of interest in the development of new therapeutic agents. Its role in modulating physiological responses underlines its potential utility in drug discovery and development.

Tobramycin is used to treat severe infections with gram-negative bacteria and it is often applied in combination with beta-lactams. It has similar antimicrobial effects to gentamicin and is effective against all Enterobacteriacae, but more effective than gentamicin against P. aeruginosa, which is why it is often used for gentamicin-resistant strains, especially in the case of cystic fibrosis.

Applications Methyl trans-Cinnamate is one of the odour active compounds of Tahitian vanilla flavour and basil oil. Methyl trans-Cinnamate is naturally found in Magnolia liliflora oil, which is used to create a variety of nematicides. Methyl trans-Cinnamate also inhibits mushroom tyrosinase and has antimicrobial effects against Escherechia coli in food. References Adams, A., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 88, 201 (2011); Blank, A., et al.: Ind. Crop. Prod., 38, 93 (2012); Brunschwig, C., et al.: Food Res. Int., 46, 148 (2012); Huang, Q., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 57, 2565 (2009)

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Pan-histone demethylase inhibitor; anti-fungal; iron-chelator

Spiramycin hexanedioate is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces ambofaciens*. Its mode of action involves binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. This interaction results in the interruption of bacterial growth and reproduction, particularly effective against Gram-positive organisms. Spiramycin hexanedioate is used primarily in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissues. It has applications in both human and veterinary medicine, where its efficacy extends to the management of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women due to its ability to reduce the risk of fetal transmission. Researchers have also explored its potential in protozoan parasitic infections. Its pharmacokinetic profile, characterized by high tissue penetration, supports its effectiveness in these therapeutic roles. Understanding the mechanism and scope of spiramycin hexanedioate is crucial for its application in clinical microbiology and pharmacology, ensuring optimal outcomes in infection control.

25-O-Deacetyl rifabutin is an antibiotic derivative, which is sourced from the semi-synthetic modification of rifabutin, a compound originally derived from the fermentation of the bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei. This derivative works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. It achieves this by specifically targeting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, which is essential for bacterial transcription. The mechanism involves binding to the beta-subunit of the polymerase, thereby blocking the elongation of the RNA chain, which ultimately leads to the death of the bacterial cell. The primary applications of 25-O-Deacetyl rifabutin lie in its potential use as an anti-tubercular agent. Given the increasing prevalence of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, derivatives of rifabutin are being extensively researched for their potential to combat multi-drug resistant forms of tuberculosis. Moreover, its structure-activity relationship is also explored for optimizing efficacy and minimizing resistance development. Studies on 25-O-Deacetyl rifabutin are ongoing to ascertain its pharmacokinetic properties and to evaluate its viability as a therapeutic agent within the broader context of infectious disease control.

Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces antibioticus*. This antibiotic functions by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. The interruption of this essential process ultimately leads to the cessation of bacterial growth and replication. Oleandomycin is primarily utilized in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. Its efficacy is notable in respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and in certain cases, it is used as an alternative for patients allergic to penicillin. While it offers significant therapeutic benefits, careful consideration must be given to its application, as resistance can develop due to bacterial adaptation. In a research context, Oleandomycin serves as a useful tool in studies exploring bacterial protein synthesis and resistance mechanisms.

Applications TNP-470 is a synthetic analog of Fumagillin (F862650); a compound isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Fumagillin is an antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of microsporidiosis and shows promise as both an anti-infective and antiangiogenic agent. References Molina, J.M. et al.: N. Eng. J. Med., 346, 1963 (2002); Hou, L. et al.: Pathol. Int., 59, 448 (2009); Ingber, D. et al.: Nature, 348, 555 (1990)

EIDD 2801 is an orally bioavailable prodrug of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine and was shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells. EIDD 2801 was also tested in mice infected with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses. EIDD 2801 targets the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and reduces virus titer and improved pulmonary function in experimental animals when used in prophylactic and therapeutic regime. Molnupiravir is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Antibacterial used in treatment of UTI and respiratory tract infections

Amopyroquine is an antimalarial agent and is used for the treatment of malaria. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of haem polymerase in the parasite, leading to the accumulation of toxic haem

Nifursol is a nitrofuran veterinary antibiotic with action on protozoal growth inhibition and is used for preventing histomoniasis in poultry.

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Enrofloxacin HCl is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is a synthetic compound derived from chemical synthesis. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, critical enzymes in bacterial DNA replication and transcription processes. This action disrupts bacterial cellular division and transcription, leading to cell death. Enrofloxacin HCl is primarily utilized in veterinary medicine, where it is employed to treat bacterial infections in a variety of animals, including livestock and companion animals. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity makes it effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The compound is particularly important in managing infections that are resistant to other classes of antibiotics, owing to its unique mechanism of action. As with all antibiotics, its use is regulated to minimize the development of antibiotic resistance.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic of macrolide class, which inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis. Spiramycin is also effective against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as protozoal parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

Valacyclovir is a guanine nucleoside antiviral drug that is used to treat herpes exacerbations. This drug inhibits DNA polymerase and prevents viral DNA synthesis. Valacyclovir is the L-valine ester of acyclovir. L-Valacyclovir HCl is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Applications A isothiazolidin-3-one derivative as antimicrobial. It was tested for inhibition of PCAF activity. 5-Chloroisothiazolinones showed the most potent inhibition of PCAF. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Sadhale, P.P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 33716 (2004), Thomsen, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 3315 (2006),

Nocardamine is a siderophore-based antioxidant, which is naturally derived from the soil-dwelling actinobacteria known as Streptomyces. Its primary mode of action involves the chelation of metal ions, effectively sequestering them and preventing metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions. By binding to iron and other transition metals, Nocardamine mitigates oxidative stress at a cellular level, which could otherwise contribute to cellular damage and dysfunction. In scientific applications, Nocardamine is being explored for its potential to reduce oxidative damage in various biological systems. Its ability to chelate excess metals has implications for research into neurodegenerative diseases, where metal ion dysregulation plays a noticeable role. Additionally, its antioxidative properties make it a candidate for studies focused on ameliorating oxidative stress-related cellular aging and pathology. Researchers are also investigating its use in agriculture, where it could aid in improving the stress tolerance of plants by modulating metal ion availability in soils.

Narasin sodium is an ionophore antibiotic, which is a type of compound that facilitates ion transport across biological membranes. It is derived from the fermentation of the bacterium *Streptomyces aureofaciens*. The mode of action involves the disruption of ion gradients in target organisms, specifically inhibiting the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria and protozoa by altering their cellular ionic balance. In livestock, particularly poultry and cattle, narasin sodium is used to improve feed efficiency and weight gain. By modulating the gut microbiota, it enhances nutrient absorption and utilization, thereby promoting growth performance. Additionally, its antimicrobial properties help in the prevention of coccidiosis, a debilitating intestinal disease caused by protozoan parasites. The use of narasin sodium thus plays a crucial role in optimizing animal health and productivity, contributing to a more efficient agricultural system. Scientists are interested in its implications for microbial resistance and its potential environmental impacts.

Applications A reagent used in the preparation of agrochemicals and antimicrobial agents.