Sucres du squelette et nucléobases

Stability Unstable at Room Temperature Applications 7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine Chloride is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

5-Fluoro-2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-Fluorouridine (FdFO) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of thymine and leads to the production of uracil. FdFO is not metabolized by the liver and can be used for the treatment of hepatitis. FdFO has been shown to inhibit HIV replication in cell cultures. It binds to the noncompetitive site on DNA polymerase, preventing RNA synthesis and inhibiting DNA replication. 5-Fluoro-2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-Fluorouridine also acts as a competitive inhibitor against deoxyuridylate, which is needed in order to form thymidylate.

6-Fluorothymine is a fluorine-containing compound that is a structural analogue of thymine. It is an antiviral agent and a precursor to other drugs, such as benzoylated 6-fluoropurines. The chemical yields are high, with the use of refluxing conditions. 6-Fluorothymine has structural similarities to amines and can be synthesized by reacting primary amines with fluorine gas at elevated temperatures. 6-Fluorothymine also has vibrational frequencies in the range of infrared light, which can be used for identification purposes.

3-Methyladenine is a glycosylase that cleaves the glycosidic bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon of the ribose ring of the nucleotide 3-methyladenine. It also has synergistic effects with other agents that induce autophagy, such as rapamycin, and increases the expression of a response element in mouse monoclonal antibody. 3-Methyladenine inhibits growth factor-β1 and neuronal death by inducing apoptosis in cells overexpressing nuclear DNA polymerase. This drug is also used to study apoptosis by using a model system.

CY2-SE (Cyanine2 Succinimidyl Ester) is a dye for the labeling of amino-groups in oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins (Excitation:492 nm, Emission: 510 nm

Cy3, a fluorescent dye, is used for labeling biomolecules and imaging in biological research.

1-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione (theophylline) is a bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agent. It is used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. Theophylline is structurally similar to caffeine and theobromine and has been shown to have a similar effect on the heart and blood vessels as these stimulants. It also stimulates the central nervous system in a manner similar to that of theobromine. Theophylline has shown some benefit in congestive heart failure patients but has not been proven effective for treating high blood pressure or fibrillation.

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Applications Isotope labelled 5,6-Dihydrothymine is a derivative of Thymine, a nucleobase in the nucleic acid of DNA. 5,6-Dihydrothymine is a radiolysis product of DNA. References Hubbard, K. et al.: Biochemistry, 28, 4382 (1989); Cadet, J. et al.: Int. J. Rad. Biol. Rel. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med., 39, 119 (1981);

2-Chloro-9-methyl-9H-purine is an unmethylated, reactive molecule that can be synthesized through a reaction between piperidine and nucleophilic chloride. It has shown kinetic and kinetic properties, which are reversible reactions that depend on the concentration of reactants. 2-Chloro-9-methyl-9H-purine is able to produce anions such as hydroxide ions when it reacts with anions such as chloride or hydroxide ion. This compound is also able to form heterocycles with other molecules in the presence of methylsulphonyl hydroxide.

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1,3,6-Trimethyl-5-iodouracil (TMIU) is a nucleophile that reacts with electrophiles. It is used as a precursor to the synthesis of other compounds, such as 1,3,6-trimethyluracil. TMIU can be synthesized by chlorinating 6-methyluracil in the presence of a proton source. The reaction time for this synthesis is typically between 30 minutes and 3 hours. The yields are typically around 50%. Carbocations that form during this reaction are an analogous to methyl cations in nucleophilic substitutions. Bromination of TMIU has also been shown to produce bromo derivatives.

CY5-SE triethylamine salt (Fluorolink Cy5 triethanolamine salt) is a hydrophilic amine-reactive fluorescent probe (Ex=649 nm; Em=670 nm).

6-Chloro-9-benzylpurine is a purine derivative that has been shown to possess potential as an antiinflammatory agent. This compound reacts in a short time, with high efficiency and few byproducts, and has the potential for use in pharmaceuticals. 6-Chloro-9-benzylpurine is a potent inhibitor of histamine release from mast cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines. It has also been shown to reduce the number of T cells which have infiltrated the skin in an animal model with psoriasis. 6-Chloro-9-benzylpurine is an anion that can be synthesized using acrylonitrile and butyl acrylate, and it has been found in nature. The reaction mechanism of 6-chloro 9-benzylpurine involves nucleophilic attack on the c-h bond followed by elimination of chloride ion and

Applications Used in therapy of mouse leukemia L1210 in combinations with Nebularin and Nitrobenzylthioinosine 5’-monophosphate. References Anderson, C., et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 219, 191 (1996), Allay, J., et al.: Nat. Med., 4, 1136 (1998),

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6-Azathymine is a compound that belongs to the group of amides. It has shown bacterial strain specificity and can be used for the treatment of infections caused by Group P2 bacteria. 6-Azathymine inhibits the enzyme activity of toll-like receptor, which is responsible for immune response and inflammation. It also has been shown to inhibit photosynthetic activity in plants. This drug may also be useful for eye disorders, such as retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration. 6-Azathymine is activated by hydroxyl groups, which leads to its toxicity at high concentrations.

8-Methoxymethyl-1-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl) xanthine (8MMX) is an intracellular calcium ion chelator that inhibits enzyme activity in the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase enzyme family. 8MMX has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of both cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes. 8MMX has been shown to inhibit bladder contractility and improve bladder function in animal models. It also reduces the incidence of papillary muscle rupture, which can lead to heart failure, and improves ventricular function by increasing the rate of relaxation of the left ventricle. 8MMX is a potential treatment for pulmonary hypertension, which is caused by increased concentrations of intracellular calcium ions.

Applications Labelled Guanine (G836000). Guanine is on one of the five nucleobases incorporated into biological nucleic acids. Guanine, along with adenine and cytosine, is present in both DNA and RNA, whereas thymine is usually seen only in DNA, and uracil only in RNA. References Geslain, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 27760 (2009), Manini, P., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 190, 41 (2009), Gong, B., et al.: Biochem., 48, 11961 (2009), Sugimoto, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 374 (2010),

6-ROX (6-Carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a fluorescent oligonucleotide marker and acts as an acceptor molecule coupled to 5-FAM as the donor in FRET imaging with

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3'-O-Benzyl-2'-Deoxy-5-Trifluoromethyluridine (BDBMU) is a pyrimidine derivative that can be used as an antiviral drug. It inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA by inhibiting viral polymerase. BDBMU is a prodrug of uracil, which is converted to the active compound in tissues. The benzoylation reaction produces a fluorine atom at C5, which increases its potency. This drug has been shown to have minimal toxicity in tumor cells and has been used for the treatment of leukemia and other cancers.