Sucres du squelette et nucléobases

8-Hydroxyguanine is a purine derivative that is found in DNA. It is a byproduct of oxidative damage to DNA and can cause mutations. 8-Hydroxyguanine binds to the α1 subunit of DNA polymerase, inhibiting the polymerization of nucleotides. This prevents the synthesis of new DNA, resulting in cell death. In humans, 8-hydroxyguanine appears to be repaired at a higher rate than other organisms such as bacteria. A study has shown that human cells are able to repair 8-hydroxyguanine by using an enzyme called O6-alkylguanine transferase (AGT). The AGT protein removes the alkyl group from the guanine base and replaces it with an amino group during repair. This process results in the formation of O6-methylguanine, which can be eliminated by methylation or excreted through urine.

Pyronin Y (Pyronine G) is an intercalating cationic dye that shows specificity towards RNA.

Applications 1,3-Diethyl-5-nitroso-6-aminouracil (cas# 89073-60-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

6-Methylmercaptopurine is an important metabolite of 6-methylmercaptopurine, which is a vital component of the nucleotide synthesis pathway. It is used in analytical methods to determine levels of nucleotides, as well as in biological studies for its effect on autoimmune diseases. 6-Methylmercaptopurine can inhibit replication by inhibiting the methyltransferase enzyme.

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5-Vinyluracil (5-U) is a trifluoroacetic acid derivative of uracil that inhibits the growth of Streptococcus faecalis by blocking the synthesis of DNA. 5-U has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in cell culture. 5-U prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds, which are essential for DNA replication. It also inhibits glycosidic bond formation and intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

1,3-Dimethyluracil is a uracil derivative that is used as a hydrogen-bond donor, which helps to repair DNA. It has been shown to have a kinetic isotope effect in the deuterium isotope effect studies. The carbonyl group of 1,3-dimethyluracil can form hydrogen bonds with the guanine base in DNA and lead to the formation of an adduct. This adduct can be repaired by nucleotide excision repair when it forms a dimer with another 1,3-dimethyluracol molecule or by base excision repair when it forms a dimer with another purine or pyrimidine base. Aqueous solutions of 1,3-dimethyluracil are stable for short periods of time but decompose rapidly on heating. X-ray crystal structures show that 1,3-dimethyluracil binds to hydrochloric acid and x-ray crystallographic analysis

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6-Chloro-9-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)purine is a nucleoside analog that is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a c-h bond regiospecific nucleophile that forms the 6-chloro 9-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)purine intermediate. The chloride ion acts as a nucleophile in the first step of this process, which results in the formation of an organocuprate and glyoxylate. 6CPP binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis, leading to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. This drug has been shown to be effective for treating human cell lines. 6CPP is also known for its antitumor effects, which may be due to its ability to inhibit phosphonates and cross-coupling reactions.

Applications 6-Amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrosouracil (cas# 3346-61-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis. References Varma, R., et al.: J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther., 16, 571 (2000),

5-Bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of aromatic compounds. It is an isomeric mixture of two enantiomers, 5-bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil and 5-bromo-2,4-dimethyluracil. The two enantiomers have different properties in terms of their ability to form complexes with chloride ions and exciplexes with irradiation. The fluorescence of 5-bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil has been shown to increase when it interacts with acetonitrile. This type of reaction has been observed using the functional theory. 5 bromo 1 methyl uracil is used in a cross coupling reaction with an organic halide in order to produce an organic molecule containing a methylene group that can be converted into other functional groups such as chloride or fluoroform.

Applications N2-Methyl-2’-deoxyguanosine is a product from the reaction of formaldehyde with exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine. Used as the template in primer extension reactions catalyzed by the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. References Yasui, M., et al.: Nucleic Acids Res., 29, 1994-2001 (2001)

7-Deazaxanthine is a purine derivative that has been shown to have antiangiogenic properties. It inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is a potent angiogenic factor. 7-Deazaxanthine also binds to the VEGF receptor, preventing it from binding to VEGF. The x-ray crystal structures and kinetic data for 7-deazaadenosine suggest that this compound may be an inhibitor of hydrogen bonding interactions between amino acids in protein molecules, leading to its antiangiogenic activity. 7-Deazaxanthine does not prevent the activation of tyrosine kinases or phosphatases. In addition, this compound has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells in culture and in vivo studies using mouse models. This drug also has glycosidic bond, which can result in a variety of chemical structures due to different types of glycos

7-Methylxanthine is a purine alkaloid that is the primary metabolite of caffeine. It is structurally related to theobromine, which is found in chocolate. 7-Methylxanthine has been shown to have hypoglycemic effects and may be useful for the treatment of myopia. The optimum concentration of 7-methylxanthine for inhibiting carotenoid biosynthesis has been determined as 10 μM. It also inhibits axial elongation in cultured chick retinal cells by reducing carotenoid levels and increasing p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels in the retina. The analytical method for quantifying 7-methylxanthine relies on high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV).

Applications 4-Thiouracil is a derivative of Uracil (U801000), which is a nitrogenous base in RNA nucleic acid. 4-Thiouracil is used for tagging in cell type-specific RNA isolation from intact complex tissues. References Miller, M., et al.: Nat. Methods, 6, 439 (2009); Seth, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 8309 (2010); Cui, H., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 5140 (2010);

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Alpha,alpha-Difluorothymidine is a fluorinated form of thymine and is used in the treatment of herpes simplex virus. It is not active against other types of viruses. Alpha,alpha-Difluorothymidine inhibits viral DNA replication by inhibiting the synthesis of thymidylate from thymine nucleosides. This drug has been shown to inhibit the production of 5-formyluracil and to increase the levels of alpha-trifluoro derivatives in HL60 cells. Alpha,alpha-Difluorothymidine has also been shown to be photochemically active and is used as a precursor for trifluoromethylation reactions.

Building block in the synthesis of nucleoside antiviral agents

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Hypoxanthine is a nucleotide, which is a building block of DNA and RNA. It is a useful intermediate for the production of other chemicals and drugs. Hypoxanthine can be used as a reagent in biochemical research, to study the effects of hypoxia on cells, or as a catalyst in organic synthesis. Hypoxanthine monosodium salt is an important building block for complex compounds with many uses. It is also used as a reaction component in many chemical reactions as well as being a versatile scaffold for drug design.

5-Chlorouracil is a drug that is used to treat cancer. It has been shown to have biological properties, and its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. 5-Chlorouracil can be synthesized in the laboratory by reacting sodium hydroxide with 5-chloro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. In wastewater treatment plants, it reacts with organic matter in the water to form nontoxic products, such as carbon dioxide and urea. The reaction solution contains 5-chlorouracil, which undergoes tautomerization spontaneously or through the addition of base. This reaction is reversible, and both the erythro and threo forms are present in solution at equilibrium. The biological properties of 5-chlorouracil have been investigated using sublethal doses in experimental animals. In one study, 5-chlorouracil was found to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity in rats significantly more