Source botanique

Phloretin 2'-O-xylosyl-glucoside is a natural glycoside compound, which is derived from the xylosylation and glucosylation of phloretin, commonly found in certain fruits like apples. It is a biochemical derivative formed through enzymatic reactions involving specific glycosyltransferases in plant tissues. The mode of action of this compound primarily involves its antioxidant properties, where it serves to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress within biological systems. Phloretin 2'-O-xylosyl-glucoside is explored for its potential uses in pharmacological and cosmetic applications, primarily due to its capability to protect cellular structures from oxidative damage. Its specific configuration allows enhanced stability and solubility, making it a candidate for use in topical formulations aimed at skin protection and rejuvenation. Research also indicates possible preventative roles in chronic diseases where oxidative stress is a known contributing factor. Given its natural origin and biological activity, it is a subject of interest in developing functional ingredients for skincare products and nutritional supplements.

Oroxin A is a xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor, it exerts its antibreast cancer effects by inducing ER stress-mediated senescence, activating the key stress signaling pathway, and increasing key ER stress genes and expression levels.

Rebaudioside G is a steviol glycoside, which is a natural sweetening compound derived from the leaves of the plant Stevia rebaudiana. This compound is one of several glycosides responsible for the sweet taste of stevia, which is native to South America and has been used for centuries for its sweetness. The mode of action of Rebaudioside G involves binding to the sweet taste receptors on the human tongue. These receptors, known as TAS1R2 and TAS1R3, are part of the G-protein coupled receptor family. Upon binding, the glycoside triggers a signal transduction pathway that leads to the perception of sweetness. Rebaudioside G is primarily used as a non-caloric sweetener in various food and beverage applications. It provides a sweet taste without the calories associated with sugar, making it highly desirable for formulating low-calorie and sugar-free products. In addition to its use in the food industry, Rebaudioside G's stability under heat and pH variations makes it suitable for a range of applications, including pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, where maintaining sweetness without compromising integrity is essential.

Camelliaside A is a saponin compound, which is a type of secondary metabolite predominantly occurring in certain plant species. It is derived from the seeds of Camellia sinensis, commonly known as the tea plant. The molecular structure of Camelliaside A features a glycosidic linkage, contributing to its bioactive properties. The mode of action for Camelliaside A involves its antioxidant activity, where it effectively scavenges free radicals, thereby mitigating oxidative stress in biological systems. This antioxidative mechanism is primarily attributed to its ability to donate electrons, thus neutralizing potentially harmful reactive oxygen species. In terms of its applications, Camelliaside A is being investigated for its potential benefits in health and medicine, particularly in its role as a natural antioxidant. It is also of interest in food and cosmetic industries for its stability and bioactive properties. Furthermore, research into its activity as a saponin is ongoing, with studies exploring its potential biological effects and benefits in various therapeutic contexts.

Isorhamnetin, a natural flavonol aglycon, is a tyrosinase inhibitor and has anti-adipogenic, cardioprotective, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. it inhibits the H(2)O(2)-induced activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via ROS scavenging and ERK inactivation, it inhibits NF-κB signaling. Isorhamnetin prevents angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the overexpression of p47(phox) and the subsequent increases O2-production, resulting in increased nitric oxide bioavailability.

Rebaudioside N is a naturally occurring steviol glycoside, which is a type of molecule known for its sweetening properties. This compound is sourced from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant, a species native to South America renowned for its natural sweetness due to the presence of various glycosides. Rebaudioside N and other similar compounds are part of a broader category of non-caloric sweeteners that have gained attention due to their desirable taste profiles and natural origin. The mode of action of Rebaudioside N involves interaction with taste receptors on the human tongue. It binds to the T1R2/T1R3 sweet receptor complex, inducing a sweet perception without contributing calories or raising blood glucose levels, making it a suitable alternative for individuals seeking to manage caloric intake or glycemic response. In terms of applications, Rebaudioside N is primarily used in the formulation of food and beverage products aiming to reduce sugar content without sacrificing sweetness. Its stability under heat and pH variations makes it versatile for various culinary applications. Research is ongoing to explore its efficacy and potential benefits in specialized dietary contexts, advancing its use in nutritional science and food technology.

Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Flavokawain B has potent anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, it can significantly inhibit production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Flavokawain B acts through ROS generation and GADD153 up-regulation to regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family members, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HCT116 cells.

Artemisinic acid, is the immediate precursor of the semi-synthesis artemisinin, could be a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, high-quality and reliable source of artemisinin;and artemisinin is highly effective against multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium spp.

Liquiritin, a flavone compound derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it can effectively reverse alteration in immobility time and sucrose consumption, can increase SOD activity, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and lessen production of MDA, demonstrates that a potential antidepressant-like effect of liquiritin treatment on chronic variable stress can induce depression model rats, which might be related to defense of liquiritin against oxidative stress.

Aloeemodin is able to interact with DNA under certain in vitro conditions, however, in vivo it is negative did not indicate a genotoxic potential, thus, it may be assumed that a genotoxic risk for man might be unlikely.

Kaempferol is a polyphenol antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables, has beneficial effects in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, especially cancer, it may help to promote the development of cancer by augmenting the body's antioxidant defence against free radicals,and inhibit cancer cell growth and angiogenesis and induce cancer cell apoptosis.

Berberine, a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties in some in vitro systems; berberine-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells is mediated primarily through the caspase-dependent pathway, the effectiveness of berberine in checking the growth of androgen-insensitive, as well as androgen-sensitive, prostate cancer cells without affecting the growth of normal prostate epithelial cells indicates that it may be a promising candidate for prostate cancer therapy.

Medicagenic acid, the factor responsible for hemolytic activity of lucerne saponins.Medicagenic acid derivatives exhibit potent fungistatic effects against several plant pathogens and human dermatophytes.

(-)-Syringaresinol-4''-O-b-D-monoglucopyranoside is a lignan compound, which is a type of phenolic derivative found in plants. It is typically isolated from various plant species, where it plays a role in plant defense and structural integrity. The compound possesses a complex chemical structure, characterized by the presence of a glucose moiety linked to the syringaresinol core. The mode of action of (-)-Syringaresinol-4''-O-b-D-monoglucopyranoside involves various biochemical interactions, potentially influencing cellular pathways through antioxidant or anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These actions are primarily due to its ability to modulate free radicals and inhibit inflammatory mediators, contributing to its bioactivity. In terms of applications, (-)-Syringaresinol-4''-O-b-D-monoglucopyranoside is of interest in pharmacological research, with studies focusing on its potential therapeutic benefits. It is being investigated for its roles in combating oxidative stress-related disorders, providing neuroprotection, and exerting cytoprotective effects. Additionally, it may serve as a lead compound for developing novel therapeutic agents targeting various diseases. Scientists continue to explore its bioavailability, efficacy, and safety to fully harness its potential in medicinal chemistry.

Isoanhydroicaritin is a natural product from Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.