Source botanique

trans-Zeatin-9-glucoside-o-glucoside is a cytokinin derivative, which is a type of plant hormone involved in various growth and developmental processes. This compound is sourced from the metabolic conversion of natural cytokinins in plants. It is formed through the glycosylation of zeatin, a naturally occurring cytokinin, adding two glucose molecules. The mode of action of trans-Zeatin-9-glucoside-o-glucoside involves its role in the regulation of cell division, shoot and root growth, and the modulation of responses to environmental stimuli. As a conjugated cytokinin, it acts as a storage form that can be converted back to the active form when required, thereby regulating the availability and activity of cytokinins in plants. This compound is predominantly used in scientific studies to understand cytokinin metabolism, transport, and function in plants. Its applications extend to plant biotechnology and physiology, where it aids in elucidating the complex hormonal interactions that control plant growth and development. Understanding these interactions is crucial for advancing agricultural practices and improving crop yield and resilience.

Alisol A may be an autophagic inducer, it has anti-cancer activity, it presents inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines tested(HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells).

Quercetagetin-7-O-glucoside, a potent inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme release, shows anti-inflammatory activity, can significantly inhibit arachidonic acid release from membranes.

Eriodictyol

(-)-Gallocatechin gallate has cancer-preventive activities, it can precipitate cholesterol, decreasee osteoclastogenesis at 20 microM.

Platycodon D (PD) and D3 (PD3) isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum has been previously reported to show anti-inflammatory activities in rats, PD may stimulate TNF-α synthesis or inhibit degradation of TNF-α mRNA, suggest a dichotomous regulation of these important proinflammatory mediators by PD and PD3.

Coniferin has ATP-dependent transport activity; the extracts of the Balanophora involucrate and trans-Coniferin have anti-oxidation effects; the chromogenic coniferin analog show the exclusive presence of beta-glucosidase activity in the differentiating xylem, similar to peroxidase activity.

Notoginsenoside Ft1 is a novel stimulator of angiogenesis, it stimulates angiogenesis via HIF-1α-mediated VEGF expression, with PI3K/AKT and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascades concurrently participating in the process; it has the potential therapeutic effect on human neuroblastoma, it can arrest the proliferation and elicited the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells possibly via p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways.Notoginsenoside Ft1 activates both glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors to induce endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide-mediated relaxations in rat mesenteric arteries. Notoginsenoside Ft1 also provides a great potential application of it in clinics for patients with diabetic foot ulcers, it may accelerate diabetic wound healing by orchestrating multiple processes, including promoting fibroblast proliferation, enhancing angiogenesis, and attenuating inflammatory response.

4-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl) moranoline is an iminosugar that functions as an effective glycosidase inhibitor, specifically targeting enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It is derived from natural sources such as mulberry leaves, where it is produced as a defense compound against herbivores. This substance interferes with the activity of α-glucosidases by mimicking the transition state of the glycosidic bond cleavage, thereby preventing the breakdown of complex carbohydrates into glucose. The primary application of 4-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl) moranoline is in the treatment and investigation of diabetes mellitus. By inhibiting the intestinal glucosidases, it effectively blunts postprandial blood sugar spikes, offering a mechanism to control hyperglycemia. Additionally, it serves as a critical tool in biochemical research to explore various pathways and molecular targets associated with carbohydrate digestion. Its specificity and efficacy make it a subject of continued study within the therapeutic development for metabolic disorders.

Tenuifolin is an effective compound from tenuigenin, is commonly used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for memory loss, has no inherent toxicity to either the transfected or wild type cells at the effective concentrations, it inhibits amyloid-β secretion in vitro.

Icariside I is a metabolite product of Icariin.

Ginsenoside Rg5 is a bioactive compound, which is a saponin extracted from Panax ginseng. This herbal source, particularly its root, has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Ginsenoside Rg5 exhibits its mode of action primarily through modulating intracellular signaling pathways, enhancing antioxidant activity, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. It has shown the ability to interact with cellular receptors and enzymes, impacting biological processes at the molecular level. The uses and applications of Ginsenoside Rg5 are diverse, with ongoing research exploring its potential therapeutic roles. It is being studied for its neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and cardioprotective properties. Researchers are particularly interested in its ability to combat oxidative stress and its preventive role in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory action suggests potential benefits in chronic inflammatory conditions. As the scientific community continues to investigate its mechanisms and effectiveness, Ginsenoside Rg5 remains a significant subject of interest in pharmacological and medicinal chemistry research.

Momordicoside A is a triterpenoid saponin, which is isolated from the fruit and other parts of the bitter melon plant, scientifically known as *Momordica charantia*. This compound is derived through meticulous extraction and purification processes from the plant, which is renowned for its diverse array of bioactive phytochemicals. The mode of action of Momordicoside A involves its interaction with various cellular pathways. It is known to exhibit a range of biological activities, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects, achieved through modulation of enzymatic activities and signaling pathways. For instance, it has been observed to influence the AMPK signaling pathway, which is crucial in the regulation of cellular energy homeostasis. Momordicoside A has applications in biomedical research focused on understanding metabolic disorders and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Its potential in modulating glucose metabolism and enhancing insulin sensitivity makes it a subject of interest in studies investigating new treatments for diabetes. Furthermore, its anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells open promising avenues for cancer research. This compound continues to be the focus of numerous investigations, aiming to elucidate its mechanisms further and explore its therapeutic potential in clinical settings.

Schisanhenol has antioxidative effect on human LDL oxidation, may be through scavenging free radicals; it also has anti-apoptosis effect on BACSs, may be related to its inhibition of ROS generation. Schisanhenol can protect against adriamycin induced heart mitochondrial toxicity.

Sophoridine has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-arrhythmia, and affects the immune and central nervous systems. Early and short-time applying sophoridine has neuroprotective effect min permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) rat brain by down-regulating TRAF6 and up-regulating p-ERK1/2 expression, ameliorating brain infaction and edema. Sophoridine also possesses antiviral activities against Coxsackievirus B3, by regulating cytokine expression, may represent a potential therapeutic agent for viral myocarditis.

Alisol B 23-acetate, a partial non-competitive inhibitor of P-gp, it may be a potential MDR reversal agent. Alisol B 23-acetate produces protective effects against ANIT-induced hepatotoxity and cholestasis, due to FXR-mediated gene regulation; it obviously inhibits proliferation of the three ovarian cancer cell lines, possesses anti-proliferation, anti-migration and anti-invasion activities as a single agent on ovarian cancer cells.

Pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin exhibit hepatoprotective activity mainly via SOD antioxidant mechanism, can prevent the hepatic injury in rats caused by D-galactosamine.

Tubeimoside I, tubeimoside II, and tubeimoside III show anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antitumor-promo ting effects.

Jujuboside B is one of the saponins isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var, has

Isorebaudioside A is a type of steviol glycoside sweetener, which is extracted from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant. As a product of natural origin, it functions as a high-intensity sweetener by mimicking the taste of sucrose without the caloric content. Isorebaudioside A interacts with the taste receptors on the tongue, activating the sweet taste pathways. This mode of action allows it to provide a sugar-like sweetness, often considered favorable due to its clean taste profile and lack of caloric contributions. In scientific applications, Isorebaudioside A is utilized primarily in the food and beverage industry as an alternative to sugar and artificial sweeteners. Its stability across a wide range of temperatures and pH levels makes it highly versatile in various formulations, including baked goods, dairy products, and soft drinks. Due to its natural derivation, it is also of interest in studies focusing on metabolic health, where it serves as a potential tool in managing caloric intake and reducing blood sugar levels. Research continues to explore its full effects on human health and its potential for broader applications in dietary management.