Antimicrobici

Inhibitor of DNA replication; inhibitor of theophylline and caffeine metabolism

CPFX2090 is a sophisticated software platform designed for advanced data analytics and visualization, which is developed by a team of computational scientists utilizing cutting-edge algorithms and machine learning techniques. It operates through a dynamic interface that enables automated data processing, multidimensional analysis, and real-time visualization. The platform's mode of action involves ingesting large datasets, performing parallel computations, and visualizing results with interactive graphical tools. The primary application of CPFX2090 is in fields that require high-capacity data management and interpretative analytics, such as genomics, proteomics, and systems biology. It is also adept at handling big data in environmental science, finance, and engineering, where rapid data turnover and pattern recognition are essential. CPFX2090 empowers researchers by providing robust analytical capabilities that facilitate exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, and predictive modeling, thereby accelerating scientific discovery and decision-making processes in complex data environments.

Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is a semisynthetic antibiotic prodrug, which is derived from the lincomycin family, originally sourced from the bacterium *Streptomyces lincolnensis*. This compound functions through its conversion into the active form, clindamycin, once inside the body. Clindamycin acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby impeding peptide chain initiation and elongation. The primary application of Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride is in the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain aerobic Gram-positive cocci. It is especially effective against *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Streptococcus pneumoniae*, and others susceptible to lincomycin derivatives. This antibiotic is commonly used in pediatric cases, facilitated by its oral formulation that is amenable to administration to children. The medication's efficacy is crucial in treating serious infections such as osteomyelitis, septicemia, and respiratory tract infections, among others, where aerobic and anaerobic bacterial pathogens are implicated.

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Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic with action on anaerobic bacteria and protozoa by disrupting DNA synthesis and is used for treating infections like bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and certain parasitic infections.

Ticarcillin is a member of the beta-lactam family of antibiotics and is used to kill Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus strains. Ticarcillin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding protein (PBP) and blocking transpeptidase, which prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycans. It also has a C-terminal that can inhibit domain I and II beta-lactamases (namely, PEN2). The lactam ring in ticarcillin is cleaved by beta-lactamase, which makes it ineffective. This antibiotic is bactericidal and only useful against Gram-positive organisms.

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Monensin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic, which is derived from the fermentation of the bacterium *Streptomyces cinnamonensis*. It operates by disrupting ion transport across biological membranes, primarily by facilitating the exchange of sodium and potassium ions. This ionophore action alters the osmotic balance in target cells, leading to their destabilization and death, particularly in Gram-positive bacteria and certain protozoa. Monensin is primarily used in the livestock industry as a feed additive to improve feed efficiency and promote growth in ruminants, such as cattle. It is also employed to prevent coccidiosis, a parasitic infection in poultry and other animals. By altering the rumen fermentation process, Monensin increases the production of propionic acid, optimizing energy utilization and reducing methane emissions. Its application is pivotal in enhancing the productivity of meat and milk production systems, while also contributing to the sustainable management of agricultural resources. Its usage, however, is regulated to ensure food safety and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

Herbimycin is an antibiotic, which is a natural product derived from Streptomyces bacteria. It functions primarily as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, disrupting cellular signaling pathways by binding to the ATP-binding site of kinases and inhibiting phosphorylation events. This mode of action makes it an effective tool for scientists studying signal transduction processes and oncogenic transformation. In research applications, Herbimycin is utilized to investigate the role of kinases in various cellular mechanisms, including cancer proliferation and differentiation. Its ability to reversibly inhibit oncogenic kinases has made it a valuable agent in exploring therapeutic strategies against cancer. By providing insights into kinase function, it assists in elucidating pathways critical for cell growth and survival. Herbimycin's selective action against certain cellular processes makes it a key resource in the examination of molecular pathways and the potential development of targeted therapies.

Applications N-Methyl-N’-nitrosopiperazine-d4 is the isotope labelled analog of N-Methyl-N’-nitrosopiperazine (M325800), which is used as a reagent in the organic synthesis of several compounds including that of (4-methoxyphenoxy)acetic and (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxy)acetic acid amides and hydrazides which display antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties and may act as potential neurotropic and cardiovascular agents. N-Methyl-N’-nitrosopiperazine also diplayed strong nasal carcinogenity and genotoxicity toward nasal cells. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Valenta, V., et al.: Collect. Czech. Chem. C., 52, 3013 (1987); Klein, R., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 20, 1629 (1999);

Vicriviroc is an investigational pharmaceutical compound, specifically classified as an HIV entry inhibitor. It originates from a synthetic source, designed to target the CCR5 co-receptor on human immune cells. The mode of action involves blocking this co-receptor, thereby preventing the HIV virus from binding and fusing with the host cell membrane. This inhibition effectively obstructs the virus's ability to enter and infect the host cells, particularly those within the chemokine receptor family. Vicriviroc's primary use is as a potential antiretroviral agent in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Its application focuses on patients whose strains of HIV predominantly use the CCR5 receptor for cellular entry. By interfering with the virus's entry mechanism, Vicriviroc aims to reduce viral load and impede disease progression. Although it has shown promise in clinical trials, ongoing research and development continue to evaluate its efficacy and safety in comparison to existing therapeutic options.

Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a synthetically derived prodrug of ceftobiprole. Upon administration, ceftobiprole medocaril is rapidly converted into its active form, ceftobiprole, by the body's endogenous esterases. The mode of action involves binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the bacterial cell wall, leading to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and ultimately the death of the bacteria. This action is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium is primarily used in the treatment of complex skin and soft tissue infections, as well as community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Its broad-spectrum efficacy makes it a critical tool in environments where multi-drug resistant bacterial strains are prevalent. The development of ceftobiprole medocaril was driven by the urgent need for effective antibiotics against resistant pathogens, enabling it to play a vital role in modern infectious disease management and antimicrobial stewardship.

Applications Cyclo(Leu-Gly) is an antimicrobial compound produced by Latobacillus plantarum. References Niku-Paavola, M., et al.: J. Appl. Microbiol., 86, 29 (1999)

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; lincosamide

Kitasamycin is a macrolide antibiotic with a mode of action that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is used for treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine.

Nalidixic acid sodium salt is a sodium salt form of nalidixic acid with similar action and applications as nalidixic acid.

1-(4-Pentyloxy-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-(pyridine-3-carbonyl)thiourea is a synthetic compound employed largely in biochemical research and potential medicinal applications. As a small molecule derivative, it is synthesized through meticulous organic chemistry protocols designed to yield compounds with specific biophysical properties. The compound acts primarily by modulating distinct biochemical pathways, interacting with molecular targets such as enzymes or receptors, thereby influencing biological processes at the cellular level. Due to its unique structural characteristics, this compound is particularly valuable in the exploration of cellular signaling and receptor pharmacology. It holds promise in various experimental frameworks aimed at understanding complex biological systems, potentially aiding in the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Researchers utilize this compound in laboratory settings to investigate its efficacy and role in modulating biological responses, contributing to advancements in drug discovery and molecular biology.

Cefluprenam is a cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a synthetic derivative of the fungus Cephalosporium. It functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, effectively disrupting the peptidoglycan cross-linking process essential for bacterial structural integrity. This inhibition leads to cell lysis and ultimately bacterial death. Primarily, cefluprenam is utilized in the clinical treatment of bacterial infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Its efficacy in combating resistant strains makes it valuable in treating complex infections, notably those in hospital settings where such resistance is prevalent. Moreover, cefluprenam’s pharmacokinetic properties allow for penetrative action in tissues, making it effective for various systemic infections. This antibiotic is often deployed in severe infections, septicemia, and as a prophylactic agent in surgical settings. Research on its broader application and potential resistance mechanisms continues to evolve, providing insights into its comprehensive clinical utility.

Ionomycin calcium is a potent calcium ionophore, which is derived from natural sources such as certain Streptomyces species. Its primary mode of action involves facilitating the translocation of calcium ions (Ca^2+) across biological membranes, specifically transporting them from external environments or intracellular stores into the cytoplasm. This action significantly elevates intracellular calcium levels. Ionomycin calcium is widely employed in scientific research to study calcium-dependent cellular processes. It serves as a valuable tool in immunology for the activation of T cells and in neuroscience for exploring calcium signaling pathways. Additionally, it is utilized to investigate the role of calcium in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and various other physiological responses. By enabling precise manipulation of calcium dynamics, ionomycin calcium aids scientists in dissecting the intricate roles of calcium in cellular functions.

Sangivamycin is a nucleoside analog with action as a protein kinase C inhibitor and is used for research on antiviral and anticancer therapies.

Acequinocyl-hydroxy is an acaricide, which is a chemical agent used to manage and control mite populations in various agricultural settings. It is derived from a combination of synthetic organic compounds designed specifically to disrupt the normal biological processes of target pests. The mode of action of Acequinocyl-hydroxy involves interference with the mitochondrial electron transport chain of mites, ultimately disrupting cellular respiration and leading to the death of the pest. Acequinocyl-hydroxy is utilized primarily in agricultural environments where mite infestations pose significant risks to crop yield and quality. Its application is crucial in integrated pest management programs aimed at minimizing the damage caused by these pests without harming beneficial insects. Researchers and agricultural scientists often deploy Acequinocyl-hydroxy in a controlled manner, ensuring it is part of a broader strategy to sustainably manage pest populations while maintaining ecological balance.

Gentamicin C2 pentaacetate (2 : 1 Mixture of C2 and C2a) is an aminoglycoside class antibiotic derivative, primarily derived from the fermentation of Micromonospora species. This product is a semi-synthetic compound, combining two closely related gentamicin components, C2 and C2a, in a specified ratio. Its mode of action involves binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, which disrupts protein synthesis resulting in bactericidal activity against a wide spectrum of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. In scientific research, Gentamicin C2 pentaacetate is employed mainly in studies exploring antibiotic mechanisms and resistance, as well as in assessing its efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Its utility extends to microbiological assays and as a reference standard in analytical studies due to its specific and potent antibacterial properties. Given its precise formulation, researchers can better elucidate the structure-activity relationships that govern gentamicin’s interaction with bacterial targets, aiding in the development of new antimicrobial strategies and therapeutic agents.

Zabofloxacin hydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including respiratory infections.

Applications Pafuramidine is a prodrug of Furamidine (F863600, 2HCl); a diphenylfuran compound belonging to an important class of antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents. Furamidine and its analogues also display antitumor activities and showed antiproliferative activities against various tumor cell lines. References Lansiaux, A. et al.: Cancer Res., 62, 7219 (2002); Steck E.A. et al.: Exp. Parasitol., 52, 404 (1981); Balzarini, J. et al.: Incest. New Drugs, 1, 103 (1983); Thuita, J.K., et al.: Acta Trop., 108, 6 (2008); Lanteri, C.A., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 70, 1585 (2006)

Lincomycin 2,7-dipalmitate is an antibiotic compound that is a semi-synthetic derivative originating from the natural antibiotic lincomycin, which itself is produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces lincolnensis. This compound functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Specifically, it binds to the 23S rRNA component of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby disrupting the process of RNA translocation and inhibiting the synthesis of essential proteins needed for bacterial growth and replication. As a derivative of lincomycin, Lincomycin 2,7-dipalmitate is tailored to enhance certain pharmacokinetic properties, such as solubility or absorption, compared to its parent compound. This modification can result in a formulation optimized for clinical applications, extending its utility in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. The primary applications of Lincomycin 2,7-dipalmitate are in the field of veterinary and, to some extent, human medicine, where it serves as a valuable intervention against bacterial pathogens resistant to other antibiotics. Its usage requires careful consideration of bacterial susceptibility and the potential for resistance development.

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Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating urinary tract infections and gonorrhea.

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Tuberculosis inhibitor 3 is a synthesized chemical compound designed to target the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis. This inhibitor is derived through advanced chemical synthesis techniques, involving the modification of specific molecular structures to enhance its binding affinity and specificity toward the bacterial cellular targets. The mode of action of Tuberculosis inhibitor 3 involves disrupting essential biochemical pathways within the bacterium. It specifically binds to a critical enzyme or protein involved in the bacteria's metabolic process necessary for survival and replication. By inhibiting this key pathway, the compound effectively reduces bacterial growth and proliferation, contributing to its potential as a therapeutic agent. The primary application of Tuberculosis inhibitor 3 lies in its use as a research tool for studying the molecular biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It serves as a valuable component in the development of new therapeutic strategies and drug discovery processes aimed at controlling or eradicating tuberculosis. Furthermore, its use in laboratory settings can help elucidate the mechanisms of drug resistance and guide the design of novel compounds with enhanced efficacy against resistant strains of tuberculosis.

Neoaureothin is a natural antibiotic product, which is derived from marine actinomycetes with a complex polyketide structure. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding selectively to the ribosomal subunits, thereby obstructing the translation process in susceptible microbial strains. The specificity of its action allows it to target a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria while presenting a lower risk of resistance development compared to traditional antibiotics. Neoaureothin is utilized extensively in research settings to explore novel antibacterial pathways and potential therapeutic applications in combating resistant bacterial strains. Its unique source and mode of action make it a valuable tool in the study of marine-derived antibiotics, offering insights into alternative treatment strategies for bacterial infections. Researchers often employ this compound in experimental assays to gauge inhibition potency, elucidate biological pathways, and refine synthetic analogues for enhanced efficacy.

Membrane pore-forming agent; H+, K+, Pb2+ ionophore; polyether antibiotic

Tenofovir disoproxil is a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used to treat infections such as Hepatitis-B and HIV. This drug is an antiretroviral agent that blocks reverse transcriptase, blocking viral replication. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Gatifloxacin related compound E is a chemical reference standard, which is often used in pharmaceutical and analytical chemistry research for the identification and quantification of impurities. It is generally synthesized or isolated as part of the quality control and validation process for the production of the antibiotic Gatifloxacin. The mode of action of this compound revolves around its structural similarity to Gatifloxacin, which allows it to serve as a benchmark to ensure the accuracy and reliability of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other analytical techniques. In scientific applications, Gatifloxacin related compound E is employed to evaluate the purity of Gatifloxacin formulations by detecting and quantifying potential impurities that could affect the efficacy and safety of the pharmaceutical product. It is crucial in the quality assurance of drug manufacturing processes, contributing to the integrity of the final pharmaceutical product by confirming that impurity levels are within acceptable ranges established by regulatory guidelines.

Applications Labelled Ascorbic Acid. Physiological antioxidant. Coenzyme for a number of hydroxylation reactions; required for collagen synthesis. Widely distributed in plants and animals. Inadequate intake results in deficiency syndromes such as scurvy. Used as antimicrobial and antioxidant in foodstuffs. References Al-Meshal, I.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 45 (1982), Levine, M., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 314, 892 (1986), Prust, C., et al.: Nature Biotech., 23, 195 (2005),

Quinofumelin is a fungicide, which is synthetically derived with a novel mode of action targeting specific biochemical pathways in fungi. Its unique mechanism disrupts crucial cellular processes within pathogenic fungi, thereby halting their growth and spread. This fungicide has been meticulously developed through advanced chemical synthesis to ensure high efficacy and specificity against a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens affecting various crops. The primary application of Quinofumelin is in the agricultural sector, where it plays a pivotal role in protecting crops from diseases that can compromise yield and quality. It is particularly effective against fungal diseases in cereals, fruits, and vegetables, providing a reliable solution for managing diseases such as powdery mildew, rusts, and blights. By integrating Quinofumelin into crop protection programs, researchers and agricultural professionals can enhance resistance management strategies, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices. Its deployment not only secures crop health but also contributes to food security by ensuring consistent and healthy yields.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; lincosamide

Lumefantrine is an antimalarial compound with action on erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum by inhibiting β-hematin formation and is used for treating malaria in combination with artemether.

Radicinol is a natural compound, which is a dihydroflavonol primarily sourced from plant origins. This compound is biosynthesized in specific plant species and extracted through meticulous biochemical processes to ensure its purity and efficacy. The mode of action of Radicinol involves the modulation of specific cellular pathways, conferring antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. It acts by scavenging free radicals and enhancing cellular resilience against oxidative stress. Radicinol's applications are predominantly in research settings, where its antioxidative properties are of particular interest. Scientists investigate its potential in modulating cellular responses, exploring its influence on metabolic pathways, and targeting oxidative stress-related conditions. The compound shows promise in experimental models of inflammation and cellular aging, making it a valuable subject of study in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology.

This product is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Coronarin D ethyl ether is a diterpenoid compound, which is derived from the plant Hedychium coronarium, also known as white ginger lily. This compound belongs to a class of naturally occurring chemicals with complex polycyclic structures. The source of Coronarin D ethyl ether is the rhizome of Hedychium coronarium, which is part of the Zingiberaceae family. These plants are often studied for their bioactive properties and potential therapeutic applications. The mode of action of Coronarin D ethyl ether involves the induction of apoptosis in cancerous cells. It achieves this through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways that are crucial for cell survival and proliferation. Specifically, it is known to interfere with the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is often implicated in cancer progression and inflammation. By inhibiting this pathway, Coronarin D ethyl ether can promote the apoptotic death of malignant cells. The primary applications of Coronarin D ethyl ether are in the realm of cancer research, where it is being explored for its therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent. Additionally, it is used in preclinical studies to better understand its mechanistic pathways and efficacy in various cancer models. Its ability to selectively target cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal cells makes it a compound of considerable interest in oncology research.

Macranthoside B is a natural iridoid glycoside, which is derived primarily from the roots of certain plants, such as Rehmannia species. This compound is known for its biological activity, which includes potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The mode of action of macranthoside B involves modulation of various cellular pathways, possibly through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and free radical scavenging. Macranthoside B is used extensively in scientific research to explore its pharmacological potential. Researchers investigate its applications in treating inflammatory diseases, oxidative stress-related conditions, and other health disorders. The compound's ability to influence cellular mechanisms makes it a subject of interest in the development of new therapeutic agents. Its role in modulating physiological responses underlines its potential utility in drug discovery and development.

Tobramycin is used to treat severe infections with gram-negative bacteria and it is often applied in combination with beta-lactams. It has similar antimicrobial effects to gentamicin and is effective against all Enterobacteriacae, but more effective than gentamicin against P. aeruginosa, which is why it is often used for gentamicin-resistant strains, especially in the case of cystic fibrosis.

Applications Methyl trans-Cinnamate is one of the odour active compounds of Tahitian vanilla flavour and basil oil. Methyl trans-Cinnamate is naturally found in Magnolia liliflora oil, which is used to create a variety of nematicides. Methyl trans-Cinnamate also inhibits mushroom tyrosinase and has antimicrobial effects against Escherechia coli in food. References Adams, A., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 88, 201 (2011); Blank, A., et al.: Ind. Crop. Prod., 38, 93 (2012); Brunschwig, C., et al.: Food Res. Int., 46, 148 (2012); Huang, Q., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 57, 2565 (2009)

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Pan-histone demethylase inhibitor; anti-fungal; iron-chelator

Spiramycin hexanedioate is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces ambofaciens*. Its mode of action involves binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. This interaction results in the interruption of bacterial growth and reproduction, particularly effective against Gram-positive organisms. Spiramycin hexanedioate is used primarily in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissues. It has applications in both human and veterinary medicine, where its efficacy extends to the management of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women due to its ability to reduce the risk of fetal transmission. Researchers have also explored its potential in protozoan parasitic infections. Its pharmacokinetic profile, characterized by high tissue penetration, supports its effectiveness in these therapeutic roles. Understanding the mechanism and scope of spiramycin hexanedioate is crucial for its application in clinical microbiology and pharmacology, ensuring optimal outcomes in infection control.

25-O-Deacetyl rifabutin is an antibiotic derivative, which is sourced from the semi-synthetic modification of rifabutin, a compound originally derived from the fermentation of the bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei. This derivative works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. It achieves this by specifically targeting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, which is essential for bacterial transcription. The mechanism involves binding to the beta-subunit of the polymerase, thereby blocking the elongation of the RNA chain, which ultimately leads to the death of the bacterial cell. The primary applications of 25-O-Deacetyl rifabutin lie in its potential use as an anti-tubercular agent. Given the increasing prevalence of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, derivatives of rifabutin are being extensively researched for their potential to combat multi-drug resistant forms of tuberculosis. Moreover, its structure-activity relationship is also explored for optimizing efficacy and minimizing resistance development. Studies on 25-O-Deacetyl rifabutin are ongoing to ascertain its pharmacokinetic properties and to evaluate its viability as a therapeutic agent within the broader context of infectious disease control.

Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces antibioticus*. This antibiotic functions by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. The interruption of this essential process ultimately leads to the cessation of bacterial growth and replication. Oleandomycin is primarily utilized in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. Its efficacy is notable in respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and in certain cases, it is used as an alternative for patients allergic to penicillin. While it offers significant therapeutic benefits, careful consideration must be given to its application, as resistance can develop due to bacterial adaptation. In a research context, Oleandomycin serves as a useful tool in studies exploring bacterial protein synthesis and resistance mechanisms.

Applications TNP-470 is a synthetic analog of Fumagillin (F862650); a compound isolated from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Fumagillin is an antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of microsporidiosis and shows promise as both an anti-infective and antiangiogenic agent. References Molina, J.M. et al.: N. Eng. J. Med., 346, 1963 (2002); Hou, L. et al.: Pathol. Int., 59, 448 (2009); Ingber, D. et al.: Nature, 348, 555 (1990)

EIDD 2801 is an orally bioavailable prodrug of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine and was shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells. EIDD 2801 was also tested in mice infected with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses. EIDD 2801 targets the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and reduces virus titer and improved pulmonary function in experimental animals when used in prophylactic and therapeutic regime. Molnupiravir is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Antibacterial used in treatment of UTI and respiratory tract infections

Amopyroquine is an antimalarial agent and is used for the treatment of malaria. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of haem polymerase in the parasite, leading to the accumulation of toxic haem

Nifursol is a nitrofuran veterinary antibiotic with action on protozoal growth inhibition and is used for preventing histomoniasis in poultry.

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Enrofloxacin HCl is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is a synthetic compound derived from chemical synthesis. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, critical enzymes in bacterial DNA replication and transcription processes. This action disrupts bacterial cellular division and transcription, leading to cell death. Enrofloxacin HCl is primarily utilized in veterinary medicine, where it is employed to treat bacterial infections in a variety of animals, including livestock and companion animals. Its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity makes it effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The compound is particularly important in managing infections that are resistant to other classes of antibiotics, owing to its unique mechanism of action. As with all antibiotics, its use is regulated to minimize the development of antibiotic resistance.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic of macrolide class, which inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis. Spiramycin is also effective against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as protozoal parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

Valacyclovir is a guanine nucleoside antiviral drug that is used to treat herpes exacerbations. This drug inhibits DNA polymerase and prevents viral DNA synthesis. Valacyclovir is the L-valine ester of acyclovir. L-Valacyclovir HCl is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.