Açúcares e Nucleobases da Espinha Dorsal

Fluorouracil is a pyrimidine-based chemotherapy drug that inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme thymidylate synthase, thereby preventing the production of thymine nucleotides. Fluorouracil is used to treat cancers such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer. It is also used as adjuvant therapy for head and neck cancer. Fluorouracil works by binding to the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is required for the synthesis of DNA precursors. This binding prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, which is essential for cell division. The main side effects are myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicities, which can be reduced or prevented with appropriate doses (lowering dose) or discontinuation (in case of gastrointestinal toxicity).

Adenine sulphate is a nucleotide that is involved in the formation of DNA and RNA. Adenine sulphate is synthesized from adenosine triphosphate and sulfuric acid. It has been shown to be an important component of DNA polymerase, which is responsible for the production of RNA and DNA. Adenine sulphate also plays a role in the development of insect resistance in plants and tissue culture cells. Adenine sulphate levels have been found to be reduced in patients with orotic aciduria, a condition characterized by high levels of orotic acid in the urine. The decreased adenine sulfate levels are thought to be due to an imbalance between adenosine diphosphate, which inhibits adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), and sulfite oxidase (SOX) activity. ADSL converts adenosine diphosphate into adenosinethiol disulfide, while SOX converts sulfite into hydrogen sulfide

Cy5-DBCO, a NIR red dye with absorption at 646 nm and emission at 670 nm, is not ideal for staining permeabilized cells due to high background.

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1-Acetyluracil is a nucleophile molecule that contains the uracil residue. It is transferred to an organic molecule through the acetonitrile transfer reaction, which occurs in both animals and organisms. 1-Acetyluracil is found in ribosomes and possesses a functional group that can be modified by cellular enzymes. 1-Acetyluracil has been shown to be able to modify the peptidyl transferase activity of ribosomes in eukaryotes.

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7-(2-Hydroxypropyl)guanine (7-HPG) is a nucleoside analogue that is used for the treatment of liver cancer. It is an alkylating agent, which reacts with cellular DNA to form crosslinks and inhibits DNA synthesis. 7-HPG is given intravenously and targets liver cells, as well as other tissues such as the pancreas and lung. The short-term exposure of 7-HPG in animals has not been found to cause any carcinogenic effects. This drug also has a neutral pH, making it suitable for use in patients who have difficulty tolerating acidic drugs. The repair mechanism of 7-HPG may be due to the cell type specificity or short duration of exposure.

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1) Non-toxicity: belong to flower-stem dye, easy to biodegrade, no carcinogenic toxicity.

Pyrimidine nucleobase; allosteric regulator and coenzyme for reactions

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6-Phenyl-2-thiouracil (6PTU) is an alkylthio group that inhibits the growth of microorganisms by binding to DNA. 6PTU binds to the oxygen nucleophiles in DNA and prevents transcription and replication. It also has a positive effect on the synthesis of proteins, which may be due to its ability to regulate gene transcription. 6PTU has been shown to inhibit cell growth in culture by blocking protein synthesis. This drug is used as an analytical method for determining urinary glucose levels in animals because it reacts with glucose in urine samples. The reaction produces a chromatographic peak that can be quantified using an electrochemical detector.

DMTr-4'-F-U-CED-TBDMS phosphoramidite: a dye for oligonucleotide labeling, aids RNA research. Store in dark.

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9-(2-Chloro-6-Fluorobenzyl)-6-Dimethylaminopurine is a medicated feed additive that can be used in the screening, inoculation and dietary control of tenella. It is also an effective anticoccidial drug against coccidia and babesia. The drug has a wide dose range with an effective dose between 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, which can be administered either intraperitoneally or orally. 9-(2-Chloro-6-Fluorobenzyl)-6-Dimethylaminopurine inhibits gametogenesis in both Plasmodium falciparum and Babesia bovis by inhibiting DNA synthesis. This drug also has antifilarial activity, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the parasite's mitochondria.

Applications 6-Chloro-7-deazaguanine (cas# 84955-31-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

5-Phospho-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1-(5-fluorouracil) (5FUA) is a synthetic compound used in chemotherapy. It is the first of a new type of anticancer agent that inhibits the synthesis of RNA and DNA. 5FUA has been shown to be effective against animal tumors, but it has not been tested for use in humans. 5FUA selectively inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides. The resulting lack of DNA prevents cell division and leads to cell death.

Nb-N-(benzhydryloxycarbonyl)cytosine)-1-acetic acid is a speciality chemical that is used as a reagent, building block, and scaffold for organic synthesis. This compound can be used in various reactions to produce complex compounds with high purity. Nb-N-(benzhydryloxycarbonyl)cytosine)-1-acetic acid is an excellent starting material for the production of fine chemicals, research chemicals, and versatile building blocks. It is also a useful intermediate for the production of pharmaceuticals and other useful compounds.

3-Benzyladenine is an alkylating agent that has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria. It has been used as a marker for epidemiological studies and in the production of monoclonal antibodies. 3-Benzyladenine binds to DNA by methylating the N7 position of guanine, which blocks DNA replication and transcription. 3-Benzyladenine also inhibits chloride transport in cells with a diet high in protein and prevents the growth of bacteria through hydrophobic interactions with cell membranes. The bactericidal activity of 3-benzyladenine can be increased by deuteration or base excision, which selectively destroys bacterial DNA.

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N9-Methyladenine is a purine derivative that has been shown to be an antagonist at the adenosine receptor. It can be synthesized by reacting N6-benzoyladenine with methanol, followed by treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The molecule is planar, with a neutral pKa of 7.4. Proton and nitrogen NMR spectra were obtained for this compound, which showed it to have two hydrogen bonds and one intermolecular hydrogen bond. The proton resonances are observed at 2.97 ppm (H1) and 3.27 ppm (H2).

3'-Amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (3'ADU) is an nucleoside analog that inhibits the growth of tumor cells by blocking the enzymatic reaction required for DNA synthesis. 3'ADU has been shown to be effective in treating immunodeficiency, and has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer cells. 3'ADU also inhibits HIV-1 replication in cultured lymphocytes, but does not affect the viral load in a rat liver microsome assay. The 6-fluoro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a potent antituberculosis drug that belongs to the class of rifamycins. It is the most active of the rifamycins for the treatment of tuberculosis and is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction

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Sulfo-Cyanine5 is an analog of Cy7, a very popular fluorophore, therefore this reagent is compatible to a wide range of standard fluorescent instrumentation

6-Chloro-7-methylpurine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and the pumps that are responsible for drug efflux. It is useful in the treatment of multidrug resistant organisms, including bacteria, yeast, and protozoa. 6-Chloro-7-methylpurine has been shown to be effective against MRP1 and MRP2, which are important for maintaining drug levels in cells. This compound also inhibits the uptake of drugs by cells. The uptake of 6-chloropurine by humans may be due to its ability to react with thiolate groups on proteins or endogenous substances such as phospholipids or nucleotides. 6-Chloro-7-methylpurine has been shown to inhibit translation in human brain tissue.

Applications 5-Carboxy-2-thiouracil is a possible anti-tumor agent when part of a metal complex.

Cy5 dyes are used for labeling proteins, nucleic acids in biomolecular imaging and fluorescence analysis.

6-Chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil is a nucleoside analog that has been shown to be cytotoxic in vitro. This compound can be synthesized by reacting naphthalene with a nucleophilic nitrogen source, such as sodium carbonate and chlorinating the resulting product with trifluoroacetic acid. 6-Chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil can also be synthesized by reacting malonic acid with cyclen and uridine in the presence of copper metal. The reaction mechanism is believed to involve photoelectron transfer from the copper metal to the uridine ring.

5-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) is a drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a chemical analogue of thiouracil, but has a different mechanism of action. PTU inhibits the production of tropomyosin, which leads to inhibition of transcriptional regulation and expression of protein genes. PTU also blocks the hydrogen bond between the amino acid glutamine and deoxyribose phosphate backbone, thereby inhibiting translation. Clinical studies have shown that PTU is effective in treating cardiac hypertrophy, renal proximal tubule cells and clinical nephropathy. The use of PTU as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment has been limited due to its toxicity to animals.

5-Bromo-6-azauracil is a nucleophilic compound that can be used to treat wastewater. It is also able to lyse cells and has been used as an immobilizing agent. The reactive nature of 5-Bromo-6-azauracil enables it to undergo nucleophilic substitutions with amines, which are present in the cell wall and other biomolecules. This process results in the formation of amide bonds, which leads to the inhibition of protein synthesis. 5-Bromo-6-azauracil has shown inhibitory effects on glucans, which may be due to its ability to form covalent bonds with glucose molecules.

4-Thiouracil is a uridine analog and has been shown to inhibit transcriptional regulation by hydrogen bonding with the dna template. 4-Thiouracil is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, thiouracil, which inhibits DNA synthesis and cell proliferation by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase II. This results in the formation of abnormal DNA molecules that are not replicated properly. Thiouracil also has photochemical properties due to its ability to absorb light at wavelengths below 400 nm. The photochemical properties of 4-thiouracil have been studied extensively as models for human tissue culture and the study of cancer cells.

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Applications 5-Azauridine (cas# 1476-82-0) is a useful research chemical.

2-Amino-6-bromopurine is a cancer drug that is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer. This drug has shown to be effective in treating prostate cancer cells that are resistant to castration, which are not sensitive to this hormone. 2-Amino-6-bromopurine inhibits DNA polymerase, leading to apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. It also interacts with the thiopurine S-methyltransferase enzyme, which leads to the production of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine, which can block DNA synthesis by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase and thymidylate synthase. 2-Amino-6-bromopurine has been shown to inhibit mutations associated with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer.

2-Chloroinosine 3',4',6'-triacetate is a reagent, useful intermediate, fine chemical, and speciality chemical. It is used as an important building block in organic synthesis. 2-Chloroinosine 3',4',6'-triacetate can be used as a versatile building block for the synthesis of many other compounds. The high quality and usefulness of this compound make it a good choice for research chemicals.

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DFHO is a Corn homologous ligand that fluoresces yellow upon excitation and is used to image RNA in living cells.

6-Fluoro-9-benzylpurine (6FBP) is a multidrug that inhibits the activity of pump proteins, which are responsible for pumping drugs out of cells. 6FBP binds to the drug-binding site on the protein. This binding prevents the drug from being pumped out of the cell and increases its concentration inside the cell. 6FBP has been shown to be effective against bacteria that have developed resistance through mutation in their efflux pump proteins. It also has a trifluoromethyl group, which facilitates its bonding to DNA and RNA molecules. 6FBP can be synthesized from other chemical compounds such as benzaldehyde or fluoroacetamide.

(E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil is a drug that has been shown to be effective against leukemic cells. It is a prodrug of 5-bromouracil, which is an antimetabolite and cytotoxic agent. (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)uracil has also been shown to be active against solid tumours, such as metastatic colorectal cancer, and bacteria. The mechanism of action involves the irreversible inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to thymidine monophosphate (dTMP). The drug binds to the dinucleotide phosphate pocket in the enzyme's active site and blocks access by dUMP. This leads to DNA synthesis errors, causing cell death. As a prodrug, it has low toxicity profiles and does not cause bone marrow suppression like

Cy5.5-SE is a cyanine dye, labeling amino-groups in oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins.

5,6-Diaminouracil sulfate is an amine that is used as a precursor in the production of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil. It can be synthesized from diaminopyrimidine and uracil. This compound has two amino groups, which are both substituted with hydrogens. The aminouracile group is substituted with a hydrogen and an amino group. 5,6-Diaminouracil sulfate has pyrimidone rings that are fused together to form a six-membered ring.

Synthetic cytokinin; increases post-harvest life of vegetables

2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropylpurine is a hydrogenated purine derivative that belongs to the class of organometallic compounds. It is cytotoxic and causes significant cytotoxicity in colorectal carcinoma cells. The anticancer activity of 2,6-Dichloro-9-isopropylpurine may be due to its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis by cross-coupling with purines or by inhibiting the formation of hydrogen bonds between purines and their adjacent bases. This compound has been shown to be effective in treating wheat leaves infected with fungi, such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium graminearum.