Fonte Botânica

Periplocymarin, a cardiac glycoside, has potential anti-cancer activity. Octreotide-conjugated periplocymarin demonstrates tumor selectivity and may be useful as a targeting agent to improve the safety profile of cardiac glycosides for cancer therapy.

Picfeltarraenin IA has anti-inflammatory activity, it is a strong AChE inhibitior, and an potential PI3K and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR ) inhibitor. It acts as an inhibitor on both the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system.

Homoplantaginin shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it also has a protective and therapeutic effect on hepatocyte injury and shows potent inhibitory activities against influenza. Homoplantaginin may be used for the prevention and treatment of endothelial dysfunction associated with insulin resistance, it ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance by inhibiting inflammation and modulating cell signalling via the IKKβ/IRS-1/pAkt/peNOS pathway.

Gelsemine is a highly toxic compound and may be a glycine receptor agonist. Gelsemine has antitumor, anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-oxidative activities,it also has marked antinociception in inflammatory, neuropathic and bone cancer pains without inducing antinociceptive tolerance.

Quercetin is a common antioxidant flavonoid found in vegetables, which is usually present in glycosylated forms, such as quercitrin (3-rhamnosylquercetin), has anti-inflammatory effect which is mediated through the inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway, inhibits cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression through inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway without modification of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity (both in vitro and in vivo).

Ginsenoside Rg6 is a saponin compound, which is a naturally occurring glycoside found in the plant species Panax ginseng. Ginsenosides are the active pharmacological components of ginseng, recognized for their diverse bioactive properties. Ginsenoside Rg6 specifically acts by modulating multiple signaling pathways, exhibiting effects such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. It interacts with cellular mechanisms to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. The compound is primarily researched for its potential therapeutic applications in managing conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Ginsenoside Rg6 has been shown to influence pathways related to immune response modulation and cell signaling, making it a subject of interest in studies focused on chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Furthermore, it is explored for its neuroprotective properties, suggesting potential benefits in neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, Ginsenoside Rg6 continues to attract scientific interest for its multifaceted biological activities and potential as a therapeutic agent in various medical fields.

Clinodiside D is a triterpenoid saponin, a specialized type of secondary metabolite that is isolated from various species of sea cucumbers. These marine organisms are well-known for their rich and diverse array of bioactive compounds, which they produce as a natural form of chemical defense against predators and pathogens. The mode of action of Clinodiside D involves the disruption of cellular integrity and signaling pathways within cancer cells, leading to apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. This cytotoxic effect is achieved through the compound's ability to interact with cellular membranes and modulate key apoptotic pathways. Clinodiside D has been primarily explored for its potential applications in the field of oncology, specifically as an anti-cancer agent. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated its efficacy in attenuating the growth and spread of certain cancer cell lines. Moreover, the compound shows promise in enhancing the effectiveness of traditional chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting potential synergistic applications. While further research is necessary to fully understand its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic window, Clinodiside D represents a promising avenue for the development of novel cancer therapeutics derived from natural marine sources.

Apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone (4', 5, 7,-trihydroxyflavone) abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables including parsley, onions, oranges, tea, chamomile, wheat sprouts and some seasonings, has been shown to possess remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties.

Quercetagetin may be a potent inhibitor of the STAT1 signal, which could be a new molecular target for anti-inflammatory treatment, and may thus have therapeutic applications as an immune modulator in inflammatory diseases such as AD. It has stronger inhibitory effects on the protein and mRNA expression of TARC and MDC than other flavonoids.

Seneciphylline, one of the hepatotoxic pyrolizidine alkaloids, has mutagenic activity in Drosophila and their transfer into rat milk.Seneciphylline can significantly increased the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but cause reduction of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenase activities.

Phytolaccagenin has promising antifungal activity against ATCC standard cultures of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, and against clinical isolates of these fungi, it also shows inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production, and haemolytic activities.

Limonin is a widely used dietary supplement, one of the most prevalent citrus limonoids, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)activity. It induced a down regulation of TLR-2 ,TLR-4,TNF-α, TNF-α/IL-10,NF-κB and caspase. It showed the potent inhibition of CYP3A4, with IC50 values of 6.20 μM (CYP3A4/testosterone) and 19.10 μM (CYP3A4/midazolam).

Baicalin is a flavonoid and a major component of a herbal medicine, Sho-saiko-to, which is commonly used for treatment of chronic hepatitis in Japan and China. baicalin acts as anti-oxidants, also causes cytotoxic effect,and induces caspase-3 activation and apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway.