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Hederacoside C is a bioactive triterpenoid saponin, which is isolated from the leaves of the common ivy plant, *Hedera helix*. These saponins have been a subject of scientific study due to their significant pharmacological properties. The mode of action of Hederacoside C involves its ability to reduce the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its expulsion from the respiratory tract. This is achieved through its expectorant properties, which stimulate bronchial secretions and improve mucociliary clearance, making it particularly valuable in the treatment of respiratory disorders. The primary applications of Hederacoside C are in the formulation of herbal medicinal products aimed at alleviating symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory bronchial conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis. Research has demonstrated its efficacy in improving breathing comfort and reducing cough frequency. Additionally, ongoing studies investigate its broader potential, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, which could expand its therapeutic repertoire. As the understanding of plant-derived compounds advances, Hederacoside C continues to draw interest for its therapeutic potential and natural origin.

Notoginsenoside Fc has perfect anti-platelet aggregatory effect.

Aristolochic acid, a potent human carcinogen produced by Aristolochia plants, is associated with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUC), exposure to aristolochic acid contributes significantly to the incidence of UUC in Taiwan and endemic (Balkan) nephropathy .

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Cafestol has anticarcinogenic, peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits Cyclic-Strain-induced interleukin-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular endothelial cells. Cafestol is a novel extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor with AP-1-targeted inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Cafestol acts as an agonist ligand for both FXR and PXR, and this may contribute to its impact on cholesterol homeostasis. Cafestol has protective effects against the CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity, which possibly involve mechanisms related to its ability to block the CYP2E1-mediated CCl(4) bioactivation and free radical scavenging effects. Cafestol has antidiabetic activity, it increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro and increases glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells. Cafestol also has a weak inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblast differentiation.

Eugenol rutinoside is a bioactive compound, which is derived from certain plant species known for their medicinal properties. It is formed by the glycosylation of eugenol, a phenolic compound, with a rutinoside sugar moiety. This derivation typically occurs in plants such as cloves and other members of the Myrtaceae family. The mode of action of eugenol rutinoside involves its ability to mediate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This is primarily achieved through the scavenging of free radicals and the modulation of inflammatory pathways, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation at a cellular level. Eugenol rutinoside has potential applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, owing to its role in mitigating oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. These properties make it a candidate for research into treatments for diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Further exploration into its pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential may yield new insights into its application in modern medicine.

Handelin has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine productions.

Daucosterol can protect mice against disseminated candidiasis by the CD4+ Th1 immune response.

Tracheloside significantly decreases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), an estrogen-inducible marker enzyme, with an IC(50) value of 0.31 microg/ml, a level of inhibition comparable to that of tamoxifen (IC(50) = 0.43 microg/ml).

Nobiletin, a citrus flavonoid isolated from citrus peels like in tangerine, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities, it could be a potential protective agent for the prevention and treatment of restenosis after angioplasty. Nobiletin downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), suppressed cell viability through AKT pathways.

Scandoside is a bioactive compound, classified as an iridoid glycoside, which is isolated from certain plant species, particularly those belonging to the Apocynaceae and Scrophulariaceae families. This compound is sourced from the leaves and roots of these plants and has attracted scientific interest due to its diverse range of biological activities. The mode of action of Scandoside generally involves interaction with various biochemical pathways, although precise mechanisms can vary depending on the specific biological context. It is known to exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, likely owing to its structural configuration and its influence on cellular signaling pathways. Scandoside's diverse pharmacological potential makes it a subject of investigation in the development of therapeutic agents. Its uses can span from research applications in the understanding of plant-derived bioactive compounds to potential roles in medicinal formulations designed to exploit its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Current studies often focus on its efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action to fully comprehend its therapeutic potential.

Nuezhenide significantly protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity.

Curcumenol possesses a variety of health and medicinal values which includes neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and hepatoprotective activities. It inhibits NF-κB activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and blocking IκBα phosphorylation and degradation.