Padrões sobre hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs)

Impurity Duloxetine EP Impurity G Applications 1-Fluoronaphthalene (Duloxetine EP Impurity G) is a fluorinated naphthalene derivative that is metabolized by fungal monooxygenase-epoxide hydrolase. Duloxetine (D721000) impurity. References Cerniglia, C.E. et al.: Appl. Env. Microbiol., 48, 294 (1984);

Applications 6-Methylchrysene is one of the methylated chrysenes (MeChry), as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. Methylated chrysenes (MeChry) are important cigarette smoke constituents and 6-MeChry has been listed as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Amin, S. et al.: Cancer Res., 45, 6406 (1985); Blaha, L. et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 65, 43 (2002); Brack, W. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3062 (2003); Andrysik, Z. et al.: Mutat. Res., 615, 87 (2007);

Applications Labelled Coumarin (C755380). Pharmaceutic aid (flavor). Found in tonka beans, levender oil, woodruff, sweet clover. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Hazleton, L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 118, 348 (1956), Lake, B., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 37, 423 (1999), Frerot, E., et al.: Flavour Fragrance J., 17, 218 (2002), Yang, Z., et al.: Food Chem., 114, 289 (2009),

Applications A metabolite of Bentazon, a selective post-emergence herbicide. References Klibanov, A., et al.: Science, 221, 259 (1983), Huber, R., et al.: Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 137, 111 (1994), Roper, J., et al.: Wat. Res., 29, 2720 (1995),

Applications A heterocyclic aromatic compound with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. References Dowty, H., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 21, 991 (2000), Zacharova, L., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 73, 108 (2003), Buters, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 15, 1127 (2002),

Stability Light Sensitive Applications A heterocyclic aromatic compound with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. References Smith, C., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 637 (2000), Koehler, D., et al.: J. Ind. Ecol., 9, 143 (2005), Bartos, T., et al.: Env. Toxicol., 21, 343 (2006), Shimada, T., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 21, 2313 (2008),

Applications 9-Chlorofluorene is a monochlorinated fluorene with therapeutic effects on fungal diseases of tomato. 9-Chlorofluorene is part of a class of halogenated pollutants observed in the urban atmosphere. References Buchenauer, H. et al.: Phytopathol. Zeitsch., 72, 145 (1971); Buchenauer, H. et al.: Nature, 227, 1267 (1970); Ma, J. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 643 (2009);

Applications 2,7-Dibromophenanthrene is a halogenated phenanthrene (P294800), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and environmental pollutant. References Brown, W.G.,et al.: J. Am. Chem, Soc., 65, 1235 (1943); He, B.,et al.: J. Mat. Chem., 21, 14793 (2011);

Applications 1-Acenaphthenol is a product of the microbial metabolism and photolysis of acenaphthene, of acenaphthene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon that has potential to act as polyploidizing agents in plants. 1-Acenaphthenol is also a known substrate of dihydrodiol dehydrogenases. References Reyes, C., et al.: J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 112, 277 (1998); Šavlík, M., et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 83, 20 (2007); Schocken, M. & Gibson, D.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 48, 10 (1984);

Applications Benzo[a]pyrene-6,12-quinone is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and metabolite of Benzopyrene (B205800) that can have toxic effects on fish bone metabolism. In utero exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene-6,12-quinone can also predispose offspring to cardiovascular dysfunction in later life. References Hayakawa, K., et al.: WIT Trans. Ecol. Envir., 135, 231 (2010); Jules, G.E., et al.: Toxicology, 295, 56 (2012)

Applications 2,3-Benzoperylene is a potent mutagen. It can be used as a standard in determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s). References Durant, J., et al.: Mutat. Res-Genet. Tox., 446, 1 (1999); Schubert, P., et al.: Analyt. Chem.m 75, 234 (2003)

Applications 2-Bromofluorene is used as a reagent for the preparation of dibromofluorene-labelled polystyrene by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. It is also being used in the agricultural sector as a fungicide for tomato disease control. It’s carcinogenic effects on humans are currently being investigated. References Buchenauer, H. & Grossmann, F.: Nature, 227, 1267 (1970); Butcher, W. & Tillman, E.: Macromol. Chem. Physic., 212, 2224 (2011); Wang, J., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 9745 (2012);

Applications Labelled analogue of Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a known carcinogen. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene has produced positive results in bacterial DNA damage and mutagenicity assays and in mammalian cell DNA damage, mutagenicity and cell transformation assays. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Farmer, P.B. et al.: Mutat. Res. Re. Mutat. Res., 544, 397 (2003); Leadon, S. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 16, 3021 (1995); Andrews, A.W. et al.: Mutat. Res., 51, 311 (1978); Kaden, D.A. et al.: Cancer Res., 39, 4152 (1979);

Applications 4,5-Methanochrysene shows moderate degree of carcinogenic activity. As a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), it is considered as a pollutant. References Dunlap, C., et al.: Cancer Res., 3, 606(1943); Rice, J., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 9, 2275 (1988); Fabacher, D., et al.: Arch. Environ. Con. Tox., 21, 17 (1991)