Substratos enzimáticos

Luc-S.aureus K is a fluoro-ligand that is used as a diagnostic to detect and quantify the activity of S.aureus in any given sample. It is a detection substrate for the enzyme β-galactosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the luciferin. When luciferin is cleaved by β-galactosidase, it emits light that can be detected using a luminometer to measure the amount of light produced and calculate the quantity of bacteria present in the sample. Luc-S.aureus K has been approved for use as a detector for bioluminescence in food testing, environmental testing, and other diagnostic applications.

4-Nitrophenyl a-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic pNP enzyme substrate that enables the detection and quantification of a-D-mannosidase activity in various biological samples through a colorimetric assay. The hydrolysis of the substrate by the enzyme releases 4-nitrophenol, a yellow compound whose absorption can be measured spectrophotometrically. Applications for this substrate span biomedical research, disease diagnostics, and industrial enzyme production.

4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the sulfatase activity is used for Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) screening and other lysosomal storage disorder diagnosis.

4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (4-MU-a-D-Man) is a fluorogenic substrate used in activity assays for alpha-mannosidase. When it is hydrolyzed by alpha-mannosidase, it produces a fluorescent compound, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). 4-MU-a-D-Man is often used in medical research to monitor the activity of alpha-mannosidase, which is important in lysosomal storage diseases.  In addition, 4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside has been used to study the the activity of concanavalin A, a lectin that specifically binds to alpha-D-mannopyranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues on various glycoproteins. The use of this fluorogenic enzyme substrate permits study the degree of alpha-D-mannosidic linkage cleavage by the enzyme.

Applications γ-Butyrobetaine-d9 is the labelled analogue of γ-Butyrobetaine, a synthetic carnitine related compound used as a transporter substrate in the cloning and sequencing of human carnitine transporter 2 (CT2). References Enomoto, A. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 36262 (2002)

4-Nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-L-arabinosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Bacterial arabinan degradation assays, gut microbiome analysis

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L-Leucine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride salt is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for leucine aminopeptidase.

Substrate for aminopeptidase a or the assay of γ-glutamyl transferase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.

4-Nitrophenyl sulfate potassium salt is a chromogenic substrate for arylsulfatase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl sulfate potassium salt is used in different applications such as the Metachromatic leukodystrophy diagnosis, sulfatase activity assays

2-(5'-Chloro-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4(3H)-quinazolinonyl a-D-N-acetylgalactosamine is an inhibitor of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of beta-lactamase, which is an enzyme that breaks down beta-lactam antibiotics. 2-(5'-Chloro-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-6-chloro-4(3H)-quinazolinonyl a-D-N-acetylgalactosamine can be used for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This compound has been shown to have low toxicity and does not cause any significant side effects in animals.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that reacts with horseradish peroxidase to produce light. It is used in the detection of β-galactosidase activity in food testing, staining, and environmental testing. This product is also used as a chromogenic substrate for the determination of β-galactosidase activity in immunological assays. 5BICAPG is a conjugate that can be used as a diagnostic ligand for the detection of β -galactosidase enzyme activity. This product has been shown to react with horseradish peroxidase and produce chemiluminescence or bioluminescence when exposed to oxygen. 5BICAPG has also been found to be an excellent enzyme substrate for various enzymes including alkaline phosphatase

Aldol® 515 L-alanine amide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of L-alanine aminopeptidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by L-alanine aminopeptidase produced by microorganisms, grown in liquid or solid media yielding red color. In addition, red fluorescence is generated when a fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 L-alanine amide can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Aldol 458 acetate is a synthetic chemical that is used in the food industry as an enzyme substrate and in diagnostic tests to measure the level of enzymes. Aldol 458 acetate is a ligand that binds to proteins, such as horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, which are commonly used for detection of antibodies or other proteins. This product can be used as a culture medium additive for bacteria, fungi, and yeast. It can also be used for diagnostics and chemiluminescence reactions. Aldol 458 acetate has high purity and quality.

L-Pro-PAB-Resorufin is a highly sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic indicator for L-proline aminopeptidase activity and related enzymes occurring in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organisms. After removal of the L-proline amide substructure by enzymatic hydrolysis and spontaneous elimination of the para-amino-benzyl (PAB) spacer, the initially orange colored compound yields an intense pink color. In addition, the released chromophor is an excellent fluorophor showing red fluorescence at an emission wavelength of 580 to 600 nm when excited at 560 to 570 nm.

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AquaSpark® Alkaline Phosphatase Substrate is a stand-alone reagent - no additives such as enhancers or detergents are required to start a strong light reaction. AquaSpark® Alkaline Phosphatase Substrate is superior to other luminogenic alkaline phosphatase substrates as it shows significantly higher signal intensities and very low background.Application Examples: AP detection in enzyme assays AP tests in dairy products Test for ALP related diseases

Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium salt trihydrate (ATC) is a glutathione-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of compounds with a thiol group. Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium salt trihydrate has been shown to acetylate recombinant human and hek293 cells as well as xenobiotic compounds such as acetaminophen, chlorzoxazone, and phenacetin. The rate of acetylation depends on the concentration of glutathione and the availability of the substrate. There is no evidence that ATC conjugates or transfers acetyllysine to other proteins. It is excreted in the urine after being expressed by recombinant human and hek293 cells.END>

Resorufin-7-O-phosphate is a fluorogenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase that exhibits a red color after cleavage that can be measured at ~ 585nm.

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used in the biochemical characterization of various enzymes. It produces a yellow color when cleaved by enzymes and is commonly used in assays to study enzyme kinetics and activity. It is commonly used is used to study the biochemical and physiological effects of glycosylation and acts as a substrate for glycosylation-dependent enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Glycosidases hydrolyse 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, releasing 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl moiety, and the substrate can then be further metabolized by other enzymes. It is also used in the investigate the effects and activity on glycoproteins and glycolipids.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl thymidine (BCIT) is a chromogenic substrate that reacts with the enzyme β-galactosidase, which cleaves the BCIT to form a bromochloroindoxyl (BCI) and an indoxyl phosphate. The BCI is then detected by chemiluminescence or fluorescence. This product is used in food testing, diagnostics, environmental testing, and staining. It has been shown to be a good substrate for β-galactosidase from different sources such as calf thymus, bacteria, fungi, and plants.

Applications A deuterated substrate for CYP2B6. References Kabumoto, H., et al.: Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem., 73, 1922 (2009), Maresca, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 335 (2010), Si-Ahmed, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 51, 225 (2010),

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulfate sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulfate sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity is used for diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) (a rare lysosomal storage disorder) and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome screening.

A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.

Potassium thioacetate monohydrate is a compound that possesses unique characteristics. It is a polyunsaturated substance that contains 1-triacontanol, which has been found to have potential benefits for human health. This compound has been studied for its effects on various channels in the body, including Enzyme Substrates and dopamine receptors. It has also shown promise in the treatment of pancreatitis and lung cancer. Additionally, potassium thioacetate monohydrate has been found to interact with the 5-ht7 receptor, which plays a role in serotonin signaling. This interaction may have implications for mood regulation and mental health. Furthermore, this compound has been investigated for its impact on fatty acid metabolism and dietary intake. Studies suggest that it may influence the way our bodies process fats from our diets, potentially affecting weight management and overall health. In conclusion, potassium thioacetate monohydrate is a multifaceted compound with diverse applications in various

4-Nitrophenyl (N-acetyl-a-neuraminosyl)-(2,3)-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in the detection of enzyme activity. It reacts with a specific enzyme to produce light. This product has been shown to be useful for detecting β -galactosidase, β -glucuronidase, α -mannosidase, and lactose permeases. The product is also used in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections and other diseases. This product is not intended for use in humans or animals.

4-Chloro-1-naphthol is a chemical compound that has been used in clinical pathology to identify human immunoglobulin. It is also used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. 4-Chloro-1-naphthol binds to the amyloid fibrils and has anti-angiogenic effects in the hippocampus, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels. This chemical compound can be used as a substrate molecule for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and is used in wastewater treatment.

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4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Gaucher disease screening, carbohydrate metabolism studies

4-Nitrophenyl b-D-thiogalactopyranoside is a specialized chromogenic substrate designed for measuring the activity of thio-β-galactosidase enzymes. Upon cleavage by thio-β-galactosidase, it releases the intensely colored 4-nitrophenolate ion, providing a straightforward, sensitive, and quantitative detection method. This substrate is easily incorporated into enzyme-coupled assays, making it a reliable and convenient choice for research and diagnostic applications. With its rapid color development and high signal-to-background ratio, 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-thiogalactopyranoside is ideal for monitoring enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity evaluation, and inhibitor screening in a range of scientific and biotechnological settings.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl b-D-galactofuranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of beta-D-galactofuranosidase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl b-D-galactofuranoside is used in assays for detecting bacterial pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis).

Applications Acetylgalactosaminidase sequence substrate Clostridium Bifidobacterium. A fluorescent substrate for α2,3-(O)-Sialyltransferase References Medina, M. et al.: Cancer Res. 59,1061-1070, (1999)

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-ribofuranoside is a synthetic chromogenic molecule designed to profile phosphorolytic enzyme activity, specifically ribonucleoside-hydrolyzing enzymes. Upon hydrolysis by these enzymes, it releases a 4-nitrophenolic compound, which can be monitored spectrophotometrically at 405-410 nm as a quantitative indicator of enzyme activity. This substrate is suitable for studying ribonucleoside-hydrolyzing enzymes, such as ribo- and deoxyribonucleases, in various biological systems and, in turn, could help advance our understanding of nucleic acid metabolism, gene function, and regulatory processes.

Fluorogenic substrate for esterase with C8 activity yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage. Used for the identification of Salmonella spp. based on the detection of caprylate esterase.

2-Nitrophenyl-b-D-glucuronide is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the activity of beta-glucuronidase in various biological samples. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, the substrate releases 2-nitrophenol, which can be spectrophotometrically measured at 405 nm. The substrate is commonly used in clinical assays to evaluate liver and kidney function, as well as in drug metabolism studies. It is also used in environmental monitoring to assess the presence of microbial activity in soil and water samples. Overall, 2-Nitrophenyl-b-D-glucuronide is a widely used substrate with excellent sensitivity and specificity, making it a valuable tool in enzymology research and diagnostic testing.

AquaSpark is a high-quality chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of bacterial, yeast, and fungal cells. It is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in diagnostic applications such as bacterial identification. The product has been tested for quality and purity, and it is suitable for use in culture media, food testing, and enzyme substrates. AquaSpark can be used in conjunction with a wide range of ligands to produce chemiluminescence. AquaSpark has been shown to have a superior performance when compared with other fluorogenic substrates used in the detection of bacteria. AquaSpark® alpha-L-idopyranosiduronic acid is an organic compound that belongs to the group of sugars. This product was designed by Ramot at Tel-Aviv University Ltd., Israel Patent family WO 2017/130191. It can be used as an analytical reagent to detect organisms such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi

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Coelenterazine 400a is a light-emitting molecule that is used in bioluminescence assays. It is a subunit of the luciferin family and has been shown to have some effects on blood pressure, growth factor, and protein-protein interactions. Coelenterazine 400a can be used as a test compound for cancer research. This molecule emits light when it interacts with other molecules, such as NADPH and cytochrome P450 reductase. The luminescence signal can be detected with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay.