Fluorogenic Substrates

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used as a ligand for enzyme activity detection. The substrate reacts with an oxidizing agent to produce the fluorescent product 4-methylumbelliferone, which can then be detected with a sensitive fluorometer. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is an alternative to the more commonly used fluorescein in enzyme assays. This product has been shown to be an effective chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of bacteria and fungi in culture media, as well as for food testing.

Glycyl-glycine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity is used for Fabry disease diagnosis and Schindler disease screening.

A substrate used for the diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease C (MPS III C).

A fluorogenic MOSCERDAM® substrate targeting cellulase

4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside 6-sulfate sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the sulfatase activity is used for Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) screening and other lysosomal storage disorder diagnosis.

L-Leucine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride salt is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for leucine aminopeptidase.

L-Pro-PAB-Resorufin is a highly sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic indicator for L-proline aminopeptidase activity and related enzymes occurring in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organisms. After removal of the L-proline amide substructure by enzymatic hydrolysis and spontaneous elimination of the para-amino-benzyl (PAB) spacer, the initially orange colored compound yields an intense pink color. In addition, the released chromophor is an excellent fluorophor showing red fluorescence at an emission wavelength of 580 to 600 nm when excited at 560 to 570 nm.

Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium salt trihydrate (ATC) is a glutathione-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of compounds with a thiol group. Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium salt trihydrate has been shown to acetylate recombinant human and hek293 cells as well as xenobiotic compounds such as acetaminophen, chlorzoxazone, and phenacetin. The rate of acetylation depends on the concentration of glutathione and the availability of the substrate. There is no evidence that ATC conjugates or transfers acetyllysine to other proteins. It is excreted in the urine after being expressed by recombinant human and hek293 cells.END>

Resorufin-7-O-phosphate is a fluorogenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase that exhibits a red color after cleavage that can be measured at ~ 585nm.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulfate sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside-4-sulfate sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity is used for diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) (a rare lysosomal storage disorder) and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome screening.

Fluorogenic substrate for esterase with C8 activity yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage. Used for the identification of Salmonella spp. based on the detection of caprylate esterase.

Green I is a nucleic acid dye that has been shown to have antioxidative properties. It inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells by binding to the DNA and blocking transcription. Green I has also been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor cells and to cause cell death by oxidative damage. Green I is not genotoxic, but it can cause false positive results in genotoxicity tests. Green I has also been shown to be a potential biomarker for renal cell cancer, as well as a prognostic marker for this cancer. This dye enhances polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and is used in biological research because of its ability to bind with proteins and form complexes with DNA.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-sulfate is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase and a chromogenic substrate for β-glucuronidase. It is used in food testing, environmental testing, and diagnostics.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-fucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-fucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the beta-fucosidase activity is used for the diagnosis of fucosidosis and the study of glycoprotein metabolism disorder.

3-Carboxyumbelliferyl b-D-glucuronide serves as a highly sensitive fluorogenic substrate for detecting b-glucuronidase activity. Upon enzymatic cleavage, it generates a fluorescent product enabling easy and accurate monitoring of enzyme activity in various applications, such as diagnostics, drug discovery, and research.

4-Methylumbelliferyl sulfate potassium salt serves as a superior fluorogenic substrate in enzyme detection assays. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, it releases a highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone moiety, enabling real-time analysis and quantification of enzyme activities. This product is ideal for a variety of biological assay applications, including in vitro diagnostics, drug discovery, and research purposes. Its excellent sensitivity, specificity, and performance ensure accurate and consistent results every time.

A fluorogenic substrate for detection of enzymatic activity of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease. The fluorophore 7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) is linked to the tetrapeptide via a peptide bond at the C-terminal of the glutamine residue. Following the hydrolytic activity of the Mpro protease, the fluorogenic AMC group get released from the substrate, generating a fluorescent signal (Ex 380 nm / Em 455 nm).

Fluorogenic cellulose analogue

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate, bis(2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol) salt is a fluorescent substrate that is used in molecular phylogeny analyses. It consists of an algal sequence data set that was amplified and sequenced, annealing to the DNA with a sequence specific for each taxonomic group. These sequences were analyzed and monitored to generate phylogenetic trees. 4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate, bis(2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol) salt has been used to analyze dinoflagellates and their frequency in the environment.