Oligosaccharides

Stability Store Under Argon Applications Shown to be a functional affinity ligand for the separation of exo-(cellobiohydrolasees) and endo-(endoglucanases) acting cellulases. References Piyachomkwan, K., et al.: Carbohydrate Research, 303, 255 (1997)

Methyl 4-O-[4,6-O-(benzylidene)-b-D-galactopyranosyl] b-D-galactopyranoside tribenzoate is a synthetic carbohydrate. It is an oligosaccharide that contains a complex carbohydrate. It is a high purity product and has been custom synthesized. The CAS number for Methyl 4-O-[4,6-O-(benzylidene)-b-D-galactopyranosyl] b-D-galactopyranoside tribenzoate is 59414-33-2. This product has been fluorinated and methylated. It also contains glycosylation and click modification.

Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide containing repeating disaccharide units of 1,3-N-acetyl glucosamine and 1, 4-glucuronic acid.  This tetrasaccharide and other enzymatically produced polymer homologs have been of value in the study of hyaluronic acid metabolism in both healthy and diseased tissues (Hascall, 2019).

Neutral pentasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a molecule that is produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis. This molecule is also found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and has been shown to have many effects on animal tissues. LPS activates HIF-1α, which leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines such as necrosis factor (TNF), and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). These molecules signal for the production of more LPS. LPS also causes tissue growth and development by activating growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1. LPS also activates immune cells through signaling with chemokine receptors, promoting inflammation.

Stability Store in Freezer Applications 2’-Nitrophenyl 2,3-Di-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (cas# 162088-91-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan which is a complex carbohydrate that contains repeating disaccharide units of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Heparin has been shown to inhibit the activity of bacterial enzymes involved in fibrinolysis, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and may act as an anticoagulant. Heparin is often used as an anticoagulant in patients with thrombotic disorders, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or heart attack. Heparin also acts as a cofactor for the activation of clotting factors II (thrombin), VII, IX, X, XI and XII. In addition, it inhibits the activation of factor XIII by preventing its conversion from its inactive form into active factor XIIIa. The molecular weight of heparin is approximately 10 kilodaltons (kDa) and it has a molecular formula

1,5-α-L-Arabinotriose is a sugar that is found in the cell walls of plants. It is a trisaccharide composed of three units of D-glucose and one unit of D-xylose. The linkage between the two sugars is an α1,5 bond. 1,5-α-L-Arabinotriose has been shown to be adsorbed on cellulose acetate and can be used to measure the molecular weight of the adsorbate. This sugar also undergoes optical rotations when it interacts with some dyes such as germanium tetrachloride. 1,5-α-L-Arabinotriose has many uses including: as a solute in chloride ion chromatography; as an absorbent in filtration experiments; and as a parameter for calculating thermodynamics for reactions involving hydrogen transfer.END>

A tetra-O-acetyl-6-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranose is a 1,2,3,4 tetraol. It is synthesized by the modification of a disaccharide that has been modified with fluorine and methyl groups on the C1 and C4 positions of the sugar. The complex carbohydrate is a glycosylated sugar that is composed of one monosaccharide and one oligosaccharide. This product is CAS No. 1820574-50-2.

3-O-(b-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D-arabinose is a disaccharide sugar that is found in mammalian tissue and many other biological systems. It binds to fatty acids, which are important for the structure of cell membranes. 3-O-(b-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D-arabinose is also an important component of oligosaccharides and glycolipids. The binding constants for this sugar have been determined by both titration calorimetry and microcalorimetry. 3-O-(b-D-Galactopyranosyl)-D arabinose has been used as an antiviral agent against Leishmania spp., which is a parasitic protozoa that causes leishmaniasis, the third most common human parasitic disease. This compound has also been shown to inhibit the growth of microalgae, such as Chlorella sorokiniana.

Trehalose is a sugar that is found in many organisms, including humans. It is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units. Trehalose has been shown to be effective against infectious diseases such as HIV and malaria. Trehalose may have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The water vapor pressure of trehalose dihydrate is higher than that of trehalose anhydrous, which may account for its greater stability under high humidity conditions.

k-carrageenan derived tetrasaccharide alcohol disulfate+(3-6 anhydrogalactose)

Please enquire for more information about 1,4-b-D-Cellotetraitol including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Stability Hygroscopic Applications 4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-Sulfamino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside Sodium Salt is a substrate for the lysosomal heparin sulphamidase. It is a fluorometric enzyme assay for the diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease type A (MPS IIIA). It is also a fluorogenic substrate for sulfamidase. References Karpova, E.A., et al.: J. Inher. Metab. Dis., 19, 278 (1996), Dasgupta, F., et al.: Carbohydrate Res., 337, 1055 (2002),

Stability Hygroscopic Applications An alkaloid from colchicine derivative. References Kintz, P., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 1997, 21, 70 (1997), Shi, Q., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 961 (1997),

Hyaluronate biotin is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a saccharide with a terminal sugar and methylated N-acetylglucosamine. The molecular weight of Hyaluronate biotin is 2500kDa. It can be synthesized by reacting the appropriate monosaccharides under the presence of an enzyme, such as glucose oxidase. This product has high purity and is modified using Fluorination and Click modification.

Paromamine is a chemical compound that inhibits protein synthesis by enzymatic inactivation. It has been shown to have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Paromamine also has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth at high salt concentrations, making it an attractive candidate for development as an oral antibiotic drug. Paromamine is synthesized from natural products, such as salicylaldehyde or phenylhydrazine, which are readily available and inexpensive. The reaction mechanism for the formation of paromamine starts with dehydration of the hydroxyl group on the hydrazine to form a carbonyl group. This carbonyl group reacts with sephadex g-100 to form a cyanohydrin. The cyanohydrin reacts with ammonia to form an amide bond between the two nitrogen atoms in the molecule, which forms paromamine.

Blood group antigen with spacer arm

Dermatan sulphate decasaccharide ammonium salt is a synthetic, high purity, complex carbohydrate. The CAS number for this product is 543-58-2. Dermatan sulfate decasaccharide ammonium salt is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified with a fluorine atom at the C1 position of the glucose monosaccharide and an acetyl group at the C4 position of the glucuronic acid monosaccharide. Click chemistry was used to introduce these modifications on the sugar molecule and it has been found to be stable in both acidic and alkaline conditions. This product can be customized for your specific needs, including fluorination, methylation, or glycosylation at any position.

Disialyl-TF is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD33 antigen on the surface of all types of cancer cells, including breast cancer cells. Disialyl-TF has been shown to reduce the growth and spread of prostate cancer cells in mice, reducing tumor size and weight. Disialyl-TF is also active against infectious diseases such as HIV, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the expression of glycan receptors. The mechanism by which it works is not yet known. Disialyl-TF has been shown to bind with high affinity to erythrocytes bearing A or B blood group antigens, making it an excellent diagnostic tool for detecting these antigens in patients with acute myeloid leukemia or other cancers.

Biotin-labelled oligosaccharide domain of the monosialylated glycosphingolipid GM2 of a-series. The compound is present on neuronal cells and plays a key role in the regulation of dendritogenesis in cortical pyramidal neurons. In lysosomal storage disorders Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, where hexosaminases A and B are deficient, GM2 ganglioside accumulates in the nervous system. GM2 is also overexpressed in melanomas and other tumours of neuro-ecto origin. Moreover, the sugar moiety of this ganglioside is a receptor allowing viral infection of cells with reovirus and rotavirus.

3,4,2',3',6'-Penta-O-acetylsucrose is a deuterated analog of sucrose. It can be synthesized by reacting sucrose with acetyl chloride in the presence of a base. The transesterification reaction yields the desired product in an overall yield of about 20%. This process is similar to that used for the synthesis of fatty acid esters, but 3,4,2',3',6'-Penta-O-acetylsucrose does not exist in nature and cannot be found as a natural product. The X-ray crystallography studies show that 3,4,2',3',6'-Penta-O-acetylsucrose has a conformation different from that of 6-phosphate sucrose.

3'-Sialyl Lewis X 16-sp - biotin is a modified oligosaccharide that is synthesized by the addition of a sialic acid residue to the terminal position of the carbohydrate. This product has a CAS number and can be custom synthesized to meet specific customer requirements. 3'-Sialyl Lewis X 16-sp - biotin is an important glycosylation site for many proteins, including CD45 and CD47, which are present in erythrocytes and leukocytes respectively. It is also used as an important substrate for methylation reactions due to its susceptibility to S-adenosyl methionine. 3'-Sialyl Lewis X 16-sp - biotin is soluble in water and has a high purity. The structure of this oligosaccharide includes a complex carbohydrate composed of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-sac

Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity B Applications Azithromycin B (Azithromycin EP Impurity B), is an impurity of Azithromycin (A927000), a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, and related to Erythromycin A. References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),

6-O-Sulfated Lewis X is a complex carbohydrate that contains a 6-sulfated Lewis X monosaccharide. It has been synthesized to have a high purity and stability. 6-O-Sulfated Lewis X is soluble in water and can be used as a synthetic building block for the synthesis of saccharides, polysaccharides, and oligosaccharides. The compound has been modified to have fluorination at the C6 position.

Heparin disaccharide IV-A, sodium (HDS) is a complex carbohydrate. It is an oligosaccharide that consists of a number of sugar molecules linked together to form a polysaccharide. HDS can be modified by methylation and glycosylation as well as fluorination and click modification. HDS has high purity and is synthetic.

Lewis X trisaccharide-sp-biotin is a synthetic compound with fluorination, monosaccharide, and oligosaccharide. The sugar is a complex carbohydrate. It is synthesized by glycosylation and polysaccharide modification. The product has high purity and is custom synthesis for research purposes only. This product does not have CAS number because it is a custom synthesis.

Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids-important component of neuronal cells

Glycyl-lacto-N-tetraose is an oligosaccharide that is modified with lactose. The structure of this carbohydrate is a glycosyl linkage between two glucose residues, plus a galactose residue at the non-reducing end of the chain. This sugar has been custom synthesized and purified to be free of other carbohydrates or contaminants. Glycyl-lacto-N-tetraose has a CAS number of 55719-02-1 and can be used in many applications including as a pharmaceutical ingredient, food additive, or cosmetic ingredient.

Applications Lewis X and related compounds bind to the selectins and act as anti-inflammatory agents. References Lasky, L.A.: Science, 258, 964 (1992), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: Nature, 364, 149 (1993), Mulligan, M.S., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 178, 623 (1993), Travis, J.: Science, 260, 906 (1993)

Sodium alginate is a biocompatible polymer that is used in the treatment of wastewater. It is a water-soluble substance that forms a viscous solution when dissolved in water. Sodium alginate has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, as well as to reduce the number of coliforms and other microorganisms in water. The potential for an alginate to be biocompatible depends on its chemical structure, with Laminaria Hyperborea being the most biocompatible. Alginates have been shown to have surface properties that are similar to those of natural tissue, making them useful for wound dressings.

This comound is generally known as sucralfates and are medications primarily taken to treat active duodenal ulcers. They are also used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stress ulcers.  Sucralfate is a sucrose sulfate-aluminium complex that binds to the ulcer, creating a physical barrier that protects the gastrointestinal tract from stomach acid and prevents the degradation of mucus. It also promotes bicarbonate production and acts like an acid buffer with cytoprotective properties.

Lewis B tetrasaccharide-sp-biotin is a high purity, custom synthesis of saccharides. The saccharide is modified with a Click modification and fluorination. Glycosylation, methylation, and other modifications are also present in this product. Lewis B tetrasaccharide-sp-biotin is used in research for the glycosylation of proteins and to study carbohydrate binding proteins.

Chondroitin disaccharide 6S sodium salt is a synthetic, fluorinated, oligosaccharide that has been custom synthesized and glycosylated. It is a sugar-based compound with a high purity and excellent solubility in water. It was synthesized by click modification of the sugar monomer with an amine group at the reducing end. The chondroitin disaccharide 6S sodium salt was further modified with methylation to yield a product with a higher purity.

Methyl 4-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic glycosylated oligosaccharide, which is a polysaccharide composed of various monosaccharides. Methyl 4-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is a mannosylated derivative of the sugar, methyl 4-O-(a -D-mannopyranosyl) b -D -mannopyranoside. This sugar can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other sugars and carbohydrates. It has also been used to synthesize glycoproteins for use in immunology research.

Blood group B antigen conjugated to spacer arm and biotin

Consumed in large amounts around the world as a food ingredient. Other applications of sucrose include its use in surfactants (esters), polyurethanes (polyols), plastics (alkyds) to produce dextrans (Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation) and ethanol (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation).

3-O-b-D-Galactosylsucrose is a synthetic, fluorinated, high purity, oligosaccharide. It is a complex carbohydrate that contains an O-linked glycosylated monosaccharide. This product has been modified with a click modification. The CAS number for this product is 686717-73-7 and it can be synthesized to order.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid trimer disodium salt is a methylated saccharide that is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. It can be modified by Click chemistry to produce a variety of compounds, including oligosaccharides. N-Acetylneuraminic acid trimer disodium salt can also be fluorinated for use as an organic fluorinating agent in glycosylation reactions to make sugar derivatives. This compound has high purity and is custom synthesized to meet customer needs.

Lewis X tetrasaccharide (LX4) is a glycan that is found on the surface of human cells. It is an important diagnostic marker for microbial infections and has been shown to be present on the surfaces of both normal skin cells and malignant cells. The presence of LX4 can be detected using a monoclonal antibody in vitro. This glycan can also be used as a model system to study ischemia-reperfusion injury, since it has been shown to be sensitive to oxidative changes caused by reactive oxygen species generated during reperfusion. Studies have also shown that LX4 binds to enzymes such as malonic acid oxydoreductase, which are involved in the metabolism of lysine, arginine, and proline.

Please enquire for more information about 3'-Sialyl Lewis X including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Chondroitin disaccharide di-4S disodium salt is a polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 4,000. It is a complex carbohydrate that is made up of sugars and saccharides. This product is available for custom synthesis, click modification, or methylation. Chondroitin disaccharide di-4S disodium salt has been shown to have high purity and can be modified with fluorination or monosaccharides.

Trehalose hexaacetate is a polysaccharide that is used as a food additive. It has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of methylation and fluorination, which are post-translational modifications that are important for the function of proteins. Trehalose hexaacetate also has a high degree of glycosylation, which makes it an excellent candidate for complex carbohydrate synthesis. The compound can be custom synthesized with high purity and at low cost.

3-O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic sugar that is used in the synthesis of glycosylations. It has been fluorinated and methylated to increase its stability and reactivity. It is also synthetically derived from a saccharide and modified for use in Click chemistry. 3-O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy--D--glucopyranosyl)-1,2--di--O--benzyl--4,6--O--benzylidene--D--mannopyranoside is soluble in water and ethanol. This product has CAS No. 5118876-78-3 and can be custom synthesized by us.

Monofucosyl, monosialyllacto-N-neohexaose-APD-HSA is a complex carbohydrate that is synthesized through the enzymatic polymerization of glucose. This synthetic oligosaccharide is composed of a single monosaccharide, fucose, and two sialic acid residues. Monofucosyl, monosialyllacto-N-neohexaose-APD-HSA can be used in the synthesis of various glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins, glycolipids, or proteoglycans. The chemical modification of this sugar molecule can also be performed to produce a variety of products with different properties.

Please enquire for more information about Xyloglucan nonasaccharide including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

α 1,4-glucooctasaccharide derived from starch by hydrolysis and chromatography

Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It is used by mouth for constipation and either by mouth or in the rectum for hepatic encephalopathy. It generally begins working after 8-12 hours, but may take up to 2 days to improve constipation.

3'-N-Acetylneuraminyl-N-acetyllactosamine HSA is a carbohydrate that is synthesized by the attachment of an acetyl group to a terminal glucose residue. The product is a custom synthesis and can be used for click modification. 3'-N-Acetylneuraminyl-N-acetyllactosamine HSA has been shown to have high purity and is a complex carbohydrate. This product comes in the form of an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide, which are carbohydrates composed of many sugars. 3'-N-Acetylneuraminyl-N-acetyllactosamine HSA has been fluorinated, which may reduce its degradation in vivo.

Bulk sweetener; viscosity/bodying agent; humectant; cryoprotectant

Trehalose 6-octanoate is a modified form of trehalose that has been synthesized and fluorinated. It is a monosaccharide, which means it is one of the simplest forms of sugar. Trehalose 6-octanoate is an oligosaccharide, which means it is a sugar molecule made up of several smaller sugar molecules. This sugar can be modified to include methyl groups, making it a polysaccharide. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates that can often be found in plants or animals. Trehalose 6-octanoate is used in the modification of proteins and lipids for the production of pharmaceuticals and other products.

Isolated from ivory-nut mannan hydrolysates

NA3 N-glycan is a base that forms glycosidic bonds with other molecules. It has been shown to be pharmacologically active in tissues and has a safety profile. NA3 N-glycan is metabolized by the serine protease, which cleaves it from its glycosylated protein. The resulting molecule lacks a reactive group, which prevents it from forming toxic reactions with other molecules. NA3 N-glycan has been used for pharmacokinetic modeling and for mass spectrometric measurements of proteins in human serum and plasma.

1-D-a-Galactopyranosyl-4-O-[1-(2-octadecylthioethyl)-(b-D-galactopyranoside)] is a complex carbohydrate that contains a fluorinated sugar. It is synthesized from a monosaccharide and an oligosaccharide and glycosylated with a polysaccharide. The compound has been modified to include methylation and click modification. 1-D-a-Galactopyranosyl-4-O-[1-(2-octadecylthioethyl)-(b-D-galactopyranoside)] can be purchased in high purity from the CAS registry number of 538570-75-6.

N-Acetylneuraminic acid tetramer sodium salt is a synthetic carbohydrate that belongs to the group of complex carbohydrates. It is a glycosylation product of N-acetylneuraminic acid and has been modified with fluorine, methylation, and click chemistry. N-Acetylneuraminic acid tetramer sodium salt is used as a reagent in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and has been shown to be useful for structural analysis. The CAS number for this compound is:

Allyl 2,4,6-tri-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-benzyl a -D -mannopyranoside is a glycosylated oligosaccharide. It is synthesized from 3,4,6 tri O acetyl 2 deoxy 2 phthalimido b D glucopyranosyl chloride and allyl alcohol by the click reaction with sodium azide in the presence of palladium catalysis. This product has been fluorinated at the 6 position of allose. The purity of this product is high and it has been modified on the saccharide chain with methyl groups at the C1 and C2 positions of glucose. Allyl 2,4,6 tri O (3 4 6 tri O acetyl 2 deoxy 2 phthalimido b D gluc

Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glc (B antigen hexasaccharide Type I)

Applications A fluorinated derivative of Erythromycin (E649950). A macrolide antibiotic. References Labro, M. et al.: Macrolide Antibiot., 37 (2002); Lo Bue, A.M. et al.: J. Chemother., 13, 255 (2001); Fera, M.T. et al.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 17, 151 (2001);

This compound is a synthetic glycosylation reagent that is used for the modification of proteins and polysaccharides. It can be used to introduce various sugars and oligosaccharides to proteins, such as Methylation, Click modification, Polysaccharide, Fluorination, saccharide, Modification, sugar, Oligosaccharide. The compound has a CAS No. 946164-26-7 and is available for custom synthesis with high purity.

Produced from starch by transglycosylation-15 a-(1,4) linked glucose residues

Tetra-guluronic acid sodium salt (1,4-linked α-L-sodium guluronotetraose) is one of a number of oligosaccharides obtained from alginate, a polysaccharide from brown seaweeds. It contains blocks of: repeating mannuronic acid sequences (M-M-M-M etc), repeating guluronic acid sequences (G-G-G-G etc), and alternating M-G-M-G sequences. This oligosaccharide can be released by acid hydrolysis and a number of biological activities have been discussed in a recent review.

Applications: Laninamivir (L174000) prodrug; a novel long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor. References Neumann, G., et al.: Nature, 459, 931 (2009), Yamashita, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53, 186 (2009),

Lipopolysaccharides are a heterogeneous group of molecules that include endotoxins, lipid A, and core oligosaccharide. They are released from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria as a result of bacterial lysis. Lipopolysaccharides are potent activators of immune cells, inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). TNF-α is also known to induce the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12. Lipopolysaccharides have been shown to cause liver damage in animals by increasing plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. This may also be due to their ability to induce the production of malondialdehyde and c-reactive protein.

3-(Hepta-O-acetyl-b-lactopyranosyl)thio-propanoic acid is a synthetic glycosylate that has been subjected to a click reaction with 4-iodo-1,1,3,3,-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate. This glycoside has a purity of >98% and is offered at a price of $6.00/g.

Please enquire for more information about Trehalulose including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is an oligosaccharide that is a high purity custom synthesis. It has a Click modification and can be synthesized using the Fluorination and Glycosylation reaction. 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is soluble in water and ethanol, but insoluble in ether. This product is listed as CAS No. 93417-41-5 and has a Methylation modification. 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is also found in saccharides, carbohydrates, and complex carbohydrates.

GM1-biotin ganglioside (sodium salt) has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acid linked α2,3 to the inner galactose residue, ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue, and biotin to position 5 on sialic acid (Ledeen, 2009). GM1 ganglioside is abundant in all mammalian brains where it covers 10%-20% of the total ganglioside mixture. It is found in epithelial membranes and is a key element for bacterial toxicity and viral infection as it is the intestinal receptor for the cholera toxin, the B-subunits of heat-labile toxin, rotavirus, and simian virus 40. GM1 ganglioside functions as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective compound, and has been used therapeutically for diabetic and peripheral neuropathies. GM1 ganglioside also has the ability to bind amyloid-β proteins and is involved in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis (Chiricozzi, 2020).

a1-3,a1-6-Mannotriose-BSA is a carbohydrate that is synthesized by the modification of maltotriose with a fluorinated alcohol. It is an oligosaccharide made up of three glucose units linked together in a 1,3 configuration and one glucose unit linked together in a 1,6 configuration. The molecular weight of this carbohydrate is 793 Daltons. This product has been shown to be high purity and custom synthesis for use in research.