Oligosaccharides

Tetrasaccharide associated with the glycolipid globoside

Erlose is a trisaccharide (b-D-fructofuranosyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,4)-a-D-glucopyranoside) found in royal jelly and honeys. Erlose has the same sweetening power as sucrose but is less cariogenic.

Used as enzyme substrates, analytical standards and for in vitro diagnostics

The structural analysis of chondroitin disaccharide di-0S sodium salt has been done by a bacterial enzyme, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. The reaction mechanism is spontaneous and the biochemical analysis indicates that the molecule is a glycosidic bond with hemiketal and hydration. The active site residues are found to be water molecule, which help in binding with the substrate to form a hemiketal. Biochemical analysis of this molecule reveals that it is an oligosaccharide with two sugar molecules linked by glycosidic bond.

Sialylglycan is a glycan that is found on the surface of cells and is important in cell-cell interactions. It is involved in the binding of influenza virus to its receptor, and sialylglycan has been shown to be bifunctional, meaning it can act as both an antigen and an antibody. Sialylglycan oligosaccharides are found in muscle tissue, which is where influenza viruses are most likely to attach. The molecule's fluorimetric properties have also been used to study outbreaks of avian influenza. Sialylglycan has been used for gene analysis by attaching fluorescent tags to the molecule that can be detected using fluorescence microscopy techniques. In vivo assays have also been performed with sialylglycan as a model antigen.

Tetra-O-benzyl-4-O-(2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene)-a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorination and methylation. It is a saccharide with an oligosaccharide group, which is attached to the 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, and 4'-positions of the sugar. This product is synthesized by custom synthesis and is available in high purity. Tetra-O-benzyl-4-O-(2,3-di-O--benzyl--4,6--O--benzylidene)-a--D--mannopyranosyl)-b--D--glucopyranoside can be used as a glycosylation or click modification agent.

Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Galb1-3GlcNAc

2,3,2',3',4',6'-Hexa-O-acetyl-1,6-anhydro-b-D-cellobiose is a synthetic monosaccharide. It can be modified with methylation, fluorination and click modification to produce 2,3,2',3',4',6'-hexamethylene-1,6-anhydro-b-D-cellobiose. This carbohydrate has been shown to have antiinflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo.

Methylated glycans are carbohydrate-based molecules that are modified by the addition of a methyl group. These modifications can be used for many purposes, including as probes for enzymatic reactions and to block or enhance specific cell surface receptors. The modification is often done with a click chemistry reaction, which is a fast and efficient method that can also be used to modify other compounds such as proteins. Methylation of glycans is often done in the lab using methylamine gas, but it can also be accomplished through more complex methods like click chemistry or fluorination. Glycosylation is the process of adding sugars to other molecules and is one way to produce methylated glycans. Galactosamine (GalN) is an example of a monosaccharide that can be methylated and glycosylated, producing galactose-N-methyltransferase (Gal1MT) and Gal1M3GnT1. This product has been synthesized in

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Salicylic Acid 2-O-β-D-Glucoside (SAG) is the predominant glycosylated metabolite of Salicylic Acid (S088125); a compound that plays an important role in plants, mostly in the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against pathogens. References Huang, W.E., et al.: Plant J., 46, 1073 (2006)

Applications Isotope labelled D-glucono-1,5-lactone is the lactone derivative of D-gluconic acid. D-glucono-1,5-lactone is widely used as a food additive to achieve a curing, pickling or leavening effect. References Hidalgo, M.E., et al.: Int. J. Dairy. Technol., 65, 342 (2012); Li, F., et al.: Food. Hydrocolloids., 29, 347 (2012);

k-carrageenan derived trisaccharide disulfate

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-a-L-fucopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranoside is a glycosylated polysaccharide that has been modified by methylation and fluorination. It is synthesized from the monosaccharide D galactopyranose with a 2,3,4,6 tetra O acetyl group at the 1 position.

N-Fmoc-O-a-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-L-threonine is a synthetic sugar. It is an oligosaccharide that is used in the preparation of glycoproteins. It can be modified with fluorine and methyl groups for use in click chemistry reactions. NFAODTGLT has CAS number 539073-78-8 and molecular weight of 676.35. This product is available for custom synthesis with various modifications.

Applications Oligosaccharide which participates in cell adhesion between bacterial and eukaryotic cells References Perret, S., et al.: Biochem. J., 389, 325 (2005), Marotte, K., et al.: ChemMedChem., 2, 1328 (2007),

Applications Protected Maltotriose. References Brayer, G., et al.: Biochem., 39, 4778 (2000),

Applications Apramycin Acetate-d7 (Major), is the labeled analogue of Apramycin Sulfate (A729600), a broad spectrum aminocyclitol antibiotic and component of the Nebramycin complex, produced by a strain of Streptomyces tenebrarius. Antibacterial. References Apramycin Sulfate (A729600), a broad spectrum aminocyclitol antibiotic and component of the Nebramycin complex, produced by a strain of Streptomyces tenebrarius. Antibacterial.

Methyl 6-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is a carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorination. It is synthesized by the methylation of glucose and mannose residues, followed by glycosylation. Methyl 6-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-mannopyranoside is a custom synthesis and can be ordered in high purity.

k-carrageenan derived disaccharide alcohol sulfate

This compound is generally known as sucralfates and are medications primarily taken to treat active duodenal ulcers. They are also used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stress ulcers.  Sucralfate is a sucrose sulfate-aluminium complex that binds to the ulcer, creating a physical barrier that protects the gastrointestinal tract from stomach acid and prevents the degradation of mucus. It also promotes bicarbonate production and acts like an acid buffer with cytoprotective properties.

2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranuronosyl-β-D-glucopyranose is an analog of atropine that has shown potential as an anticancer agent. It acts as a kinase inhibitor, specifically targeting protein kinases involved in cancer cell growth and survival. This compound has been found in Chinese urine and has been shown to induce apoptosis in human tumor cells. As a potent inhibitor of kinases, it may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of various types of cancer.

Component of glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed in antigens and receptors of proteins, bacteria and viruses. Found in the free form in human biofluids, including urine and milk - preventing adhesion of bacteria to urinary epithelium and inhibiting enteric pathogens respectively. An efficient inhibitor of neutrophil-activating protein of H.pylori (HPNAP)-mediated neutrophil activation.

Sucrose monopalmitate is a fatty acid that is used as a surfactant and emulsifier. It has been shown to have surface-active properties in vitro, which may be due to its ability to interact with the surface of cells. Sucrose monopalmitate is used in diagnostic agents such as active analogues, which are compounds that bind specifically to an analyte or target molecule. These compounds can then be detected by other methods such as radioactive labelling or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This product also has been shown to be useful in detergent compositions, including nanoemulsions and solid dispersions.

Blood group antigen conjugated to spacer and biotin

The Lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide forms the outer monolayer of the outer membrane in most Gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli lipid A is synthesized on the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane by a conserved pathway of nine constitutive enzymes. Following attachment of the core oligosaccharide, nascent core-lipid A is flipped to the outer surface of the inner membrane by the ABC transporter MsbA, where the O-antigen polymer is attached. These complex glycoforms protect bacteria from antibiotics and complement-mediated lysis. The core and O-antigen domains are required for virulence and consequently are present in most clinical and environmental isolates (Raetz, 2007).

4-Aminobutyl 2-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-a-D-mannopyranoside is a custom synthesis that has been fluorinated, methylated, and modified with a click modification. The product is a glycosylation that is an oligosaccharide sugar. It is an Oligosaccharide saccharide CAS No. Carbohydrate complex carbohydrate.

Core antigen fragment in ABO blood group system

For more than two decades, there has been substantial interest in developing novel membrane mimics specifically targeted for the biochemical and biophysical characterization of membrane proteins. Examples include new types of detergents, such as cycloalkyl maltosides (CYMAL detergents).

6-Deoxy-6-iodo-a-cyclodextrin is a cavity-forming agent that is used in the treatment of dental cavities. It has been shown to be effective against Streptococcus mutans and is less toxic than other cavity treatments. 6-Deoxy-6-iodo-a-cyclodextrin also has phosphorescence and can be used as a fluorescent tracer. This molecule has been shown to form complexes with 3-bromoquinoline, which are good substrates for cyclodextrin synthesis. In addition, it reacts with 6-bromo2 naphthol to form a complex that includes an electron donor and an electron acceptor. The complex absorbs light at wavelengths of 400 nm or more and emits light at wavelengths of 500 nm or less, making it useful for luminescent imaging systems.

Isolated from the products of the acid reversion of D-mannose

D-Melibiose anhydrous is a disaccharide that is used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical industry. It has been shown to be an active enzyme, which may be due to its ability to sequester galactose. D-Melibiose anhydrous has a redox potential of -0.2 V, indicating that it has a high number of oxidizable groups. The molecular weight of this sugar is 324.14 g/mol, and it has a polarizability of 0.16 D, which classifies it as a polyol with hydrogen bonding properties. This sugar is not soluble in water but can be dissolved in ethanol or propylene glycol. D-Melibiose anhydrous also has carbohydrate properties and may be considered a sugar alcohol because it contains six carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.

Heparin derived dp6 saccharide ammonium salt is a glycosylation product of heparin. It is a synthetic glycosaminoglycan consisting of alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. This compound is highly water soluble and has been shown to be stable at pH 3-7 for up to 6 hours. The compound has also been subjected to a number of modifications, including methylation, click modification, fluorination, saccharide modification, sugar modification, and oligosaccharide synthesis. The structural formula of this compound can be found in the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number: 234764-56-2 with a molecular weight of 735.81 g/mol. Custom synthesis is available on request.

4-Methoxyphenyl 3-O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-a-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-2,6 -di--Obenzyl b--D--galactopyranoside is a synthetic carbohydrate. This compound has been custom synthesized for research purposes. The chemical structure of this compound is a methylated oligosaccharide with the following modifications: click modification and fluorination.

3-O-Benzyl-2,6-dideoxy-a-D-galactopyranosyl b benzylidene 4,6-O-(2,3,4,6-tetraacetyl)-a D glucopyranoside is a complex carbohydrate with a molecular weight of 1.097 grams per mole. It has been synthesized by the modification of the sugar unit with methylation and glycosylation to yield 3-O-(2,3,4,6 tetraacetyl)-b benzylidene 4,6 O-(2,3,4 6 tetra acetyl) a D glucopyranoside. The carbohydrate is then modified with fluorination to yield 3-O-(2 3 4 6 tetraacetyl)-b benzylidene 4 6 O-(2 3 4 6 tetra acetyl) a D glucopyranoside. This product is offered at high purity and custom synthesis

Applications D-Glucitol-13C6 (cas# 121067-66-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications Labelled Uridine, a nucleoside; widely distributed in nature. Uridine is one of the four basic components of ribonucleic acid (RNA) References Lorine, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 178, 439 (1949); Grakoui, A., et al.: J. Virol., 63, 5216 (1989); Strauss, J., et al.: Microbiol. Rev., 58, 491 (1994); Lin, Y., et al.: Virology, 292, 78 (2002);

Please enquire for more information about Difucosyllacto-N-tetraose including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

N-Acetylneuraminic acid-OVA refers to ovalbumin that has been conjugated with N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a type of sialic acid. Sialic acids are important components of glycan structures and play various roles in biological processes, such as cell-cell interactions, immune response, and pathogen recognition. Conjugation of ovalbumin with N-acetylneuraminic acid can be used as a tool to study sialic acid-mediated biological phenomena or as an immunogen to elicit a specific immune response.

Fluorogenic substrate is used for detection of hyaluronidase activity. Urinary hyaluronidase activity is elevated in patients with intermediate and high grade bladder cancer; the expression of hyaluronidase and hyaluronan synthase-1 mRNA in malignant tissue can predict bladder cancer metastasis and disease recurrence (Kramer, 2011). These findings underscore the potential utility of the hyaluronidases to serve as biomarkers for bladder cancer. A novel fluorescent substrate labelled with two dyes: fluorescein as a green donor fluorophore, and rhodamine B as a red acceptor fluorophore, was therefore developed to measure hyaluronidase enzyme kinetics (Zhang, 2008). It was then demonstrated that simultaneous measurements of green and red emission of HA–FRET could be used to measure hyaluronidase presence and activity (Fudala, 2011).

Applications An isomer of the nucleoside uridine found in all species and in many classes of RNA except mRNA. It is formed by enzymes called Ψ synthases, which post-transcriptionally isomerize specific uridine residues in RNA in a process termed pseudouridylation. Studies suggest that β-Pseudouridine reduces radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. References Ferré-D'Amaré A.R. et al.: Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 13, 49 (2003); Hamma, T. et al.: Chem. Biol., 13, 1125 (2006); Liang, X.H. et al.: RNA, 8, 237 (2002); Monobe, M. et al.: Mut. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Env. Mutagen., 538, 93 (2003);

Triisopropylsilyl 2-azido-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy--aDthiogalactopyranoside is an azido glycoside that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. It has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of bacterial growth. This compound is synthesized by reacting 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanol with 3-[(2,3,4,6-tetraacetyl bDgalactopyranosyl)oxy]propionic acid and sodium azide in the presence of triethylamine. The reaction produces a mixture of products which are purified by chromatography. This product is then reacted with benzaldehyde to produce the desired product.

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Lincomycin 2-Palmitate Hydrochloride is a Lincomycin 2-monoester which shows highly active anti-bacterial properties. References Morozowich, W. et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 62, 1102 (1973);

Please enquire for more information about Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Complex glucan (a 1-6) from Leuconostoc spp.; extender in blood transfusions

D-Fructose-13C6-1,6-diphosphate sodium salt is a reactive compound used as a model in studies of metabolic disorders. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the enzymes that catalyze the conversion of D-fructose 1,6 diphosphate to D-fructose 6 phosphate in the cytosol. The compound is also useful for determining the binding of calcium ions to proteins and for measuring the activity of carbon source enzymes.

1,2,3,6,2',3',6'-Hepta-O-acetyl-4'-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-lactopyranoside is a custom synthesis of a complex carbohydrate. It is an Oligosaccharide and a Polysaccharide. 1,2,3,6,2',3',6'-Hepta-O-acetyl-4'-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranosyl)-b -D -lactopyranoside has CAS No. and a Methylation and Glycosylation modification. This product is Modification and saccharide with High purity and Fluorination. 1,2,3,6,2',3',

Core antigen fragment in ABO blood group system

The glycoconjugate is a glycosylation of an oligosaccharide with a monosaccharide. It is synthesized by the reaction of an activated saccharide with an alcohol or amine, and is modified by methylation, click modification, fluorination or acetylation. The glycoconjugate has been shown to be used as a potential treatment for cancer.

Globotriose conjugated to HSA via an aminophenylethyl spacer (APE)

The linear trisaccharide amine linker is an oligosaccharide that is synthesized by glycosylation of a linear trisaccharide with an amine-containing monosaccharide. The resulting product is then methylated using the Mitsunobu reaction to yield the desired product. This product has been shown to be useful as a linker in complex carbohydrates. It has been shown to have high purity and can be custom synthesized for your specific needs.

Sambubiose is a flavonol glycoside that is found in the lacrimal gland of rabbits. It has been used as a dietary supplement and is said to be synthesized by hydrolysis of the starch-bound glucose disaccharides, maltose and maltotriose. Sambubiose is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, which may be due to its low solubility in water and acidic pH. It is also poorly absorbed because it contains a glycosidic bond and a non-reducing terminal sugar group. Sambubiose can be detected by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 1.5 ppm for the methylene protons from the OH group of the glycosidic bond. The chemical shift at 2.7 ppm corresponds to the methylene protons from the hydroxyl group on malonic acid (a component of sambubiose).

Intermediate for synthesis of N-acetyllactosaminic glycans

Applications Methyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(ß-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (cas# 100836-88-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications The major labelled DNA adduct of endogenous carcinogen malondialdehyde. References Marnett, L., et al.: Mutat. Res., 148, 25 (1985), Rouzer, C., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 181 (1997), Marnett, L., et al.: Mutat. Res., 424, 83 (1999), Marnett, L., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 111, 583 (2003),

This product is a fatty acid that binds to the carbohydrate binding sites in the cell membrane of Caco-2 cells. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and radiation induced changes by binding to the sugar moieties on glycoproteins. This product also inhibits the production of glycoconjugates, which are important for cell-cell interactions and biological function. The disaccharide form has been found to be a diagnostic agent for cancer cells, with a structural formula that can be seen in the figure below.

NGA2FB N-Glycan is a monosaccharide that is synthetically fluorinated on the 2-position of the sugar. It is an oligosaccharide that contains a complex carbohydrate, which is a glycosylation of a polysaccharide with a click modification at the methyl group on the sugar. This product can be custom synthesized to order and offers high purity.

Methyl 3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-O-benzoyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis that has been fluorinated and methylated. This product is a monosaccharide with a CAS No. 7123893 2. It is an oligosaccharide that can be used in the synthesis of saccharides and polysaccharides. Methyl 3 O (2 3 4 6 tetra O acetyl b D glucopyranosyl) 4 6 O benzylidene 2 O benzoyl a D glucopyranoside has been synthesized by glycosylation of sugar. This product can also be used to modify and functionalize complex carbohydrates.

Heparin derived dp16 saccharide ammonium salt is a synthetic oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of approximately 16,000 Da. The compound is an amine-modified heparin sulfate fragment containing 16 saccharides linked in a linear fashion. It has been used for the click modification of proteins, and as a carbohydrate receptor in glycosylation studies. Heparin derived dp16 saccharide ammonium salt can also be custom synthesized to meet specific needs. Click modification and fluorination are two modifications that have been applied to the compound for various purposes.

Benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is an oligosaccharide that is synthesized from D-(+)-galactose, D-(+)-glucose and benzyl alcohol. This product can be used for the modification of saccharides and has been shown to have a high purity. It has been fluorinated at the alpha position and glycosylated with acetamidobenzoyl group. The molecular weight of this product is 378.12 g/mol. CAS No.: 53167-38-7

4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-[4-O-(4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2-O -levulinoyl)-b,D,Glucopyranosyl]-3,6,-di-, Obenzyl 2deoxy 2phthalimido bDglucopyranosyl]-2deoxy 2phthalimido bDglucopyrano sugar is a complex carbohydrate that has been synthesized in a custom synthesis. It is composed of a glucose oligosaccharide with a methoxyphenol glycoside at the reducing terminus and an α-(1,6)-linked mannose at the nonreducing terminus. The carbohydrate has been modified by fluorination and methylation. The molecule contains an acetal bond between the carbonyl group of the terminal monosaccharide and the

A carbohydrate, commonly known as alpha gal, found in most mammalian cell membranes. It is not found in primates, including humans, whose immune systems recognize it as a foreign body and produce xenoreactive immunoglobulin M antibodies, leading to organ rejection after transplantation. Anti-α gal immunoglobulin G antibodies are some of the most common in humans. Regular stimulation from gut flora, typically initiated within the first six months of life, leads to an exceptionally high titre of around 1% of all circulating IgG. Recent studies are showing increasing evidence that this allergy may be induced by the bite of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) in North America and the castor bean tick (Ixodes ricincus) in Sweden.

GNA2 N-glycan is a custom-synthesized modified oligosaccharide that is a complex carbohydrate. It is a high purity, methylated and glycosylated polysaccharide sugar with fluorination. GNA2 N-glycan has CAS No. 1295-70-1 and is monosaccharide. It has a molecular weight of 266.

Applications Asiatic Acid is a terpenoid saponin component isolated from Centella asiatica with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Asiaticoside has been shown to possess strong wound-healing properties and reduces scar formation. References Paolino, D. et al.: J. Cont. Resl., 162, 143 (2012); Tang, B. et al.: Arch. Dermatol. Res., 303, 563 (2011); Zhang, L. et al.: Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 63, 519 (2011);

Heparin disaccharide I-P trisodium salt is a synthetic, highly pure, custom-synthesized heparin derivative with a unique sequence of saccharides. It has been fluorinated and methylated to increase its stability and resistance to degradation by enzymes. Heparin disaccharide I-P trisodium salt is glycosylated, which increases its solubility in water and reduces the risk of precipitation. This product is also modified using click chemistry to introduce an oligosaccharide at one end of the molecule.

GM4-ganglioside (sodium salt) is a disaccharide of sialic acid linked α2,4 to galactose and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the galactose (Ledeen, 2009). Demyelinated plaques in multiple sclerosis have decreased amounts of GM4-ganglioside, localized in myelin and oligodendroglia of the central nervous system. It has been found that the myelin basic protein is capable of releasing large quantities of entrapped [14C]glucose from multilamellar liposomes containing GM4. If the conformation of GM4 ganglioside in liposomal membranes resembles that of GM4 ganglioside in its natural environment, basic protein and GM4 may be associated within the myelin sheath of the central nervous system and their interactions are altered in demyelinating diseases, such as, multiple sclerosis (Mullin, 1981).

N2F N-Glycan is a custom synthesis, modification and fluorination product that contains a methylated monosaccharide and a saccharide. The saccharide is glycosylated with a complex carbohydrate, which is composed of many sugar molecules. This product can be used for the modification of proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. It can also be used to synthesize oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

4-O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy--aDmuramic acid methyl ester is a synthetic carbohydrate. It is a modification of an oligosaccharide and can be used as a starting material in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. 4ODBGMEM is synthesized by acetylation of 1,6 di O benzyl 2 deoxy a D muramic acid methyl ester with acetic anhydride and triethylamine. The compound has been shown to be effective in fluoroquinolone resistance and methicillin resistance.

4-O-(b-D-Mannopyranosyl)-D-glucose is a metabolite of D-mannose. It is a bacterial metabolite produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae that has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. 4-O-(b-D-Mannopyranosyl)-D-glucose inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA dependent RNA polymerase, thereby preventing transcription and replication. The high frequency of human activity has been shown using a patch clamp technique on human erythrocytes. This active form is metabolized through a number of metabolic transformations, including hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. Rifapentine also specifically binds to markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacter

Applications N-Demethylclindamycin is an impurity of Clindamycin (C580000, HCl salt) which is a semi-synthetic antibiotic prepared from Lincomycin. References Birkenmeyer, R.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 616 (1970), Oesterling, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 63 (1970), Gray, J.E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 516 (1972), Brown, L.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 75 (1981),

Applications Amikacin (A578500) impurity, is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic. References Jung, F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 1110 (1991}, Choi, K., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 509 (1997), Galimand, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 2565 (2003),

Hyaluronate is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in the extracellular matrix of animal tissues. It is a linear polymer composed of alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. The molecular weight of hyaluronate ranges from 10,000 Da to 1,000,000 Da. Hyaluronate has been modified by fluorination, methylation, and click modification reactions. These modifications affect the physical properties of hyaluronate, including its reactivity with other molecules. Click modification reactions are often used to link two different molecules together. This may include linking an oligosaccharide or saccharide to the hydroxyl groups on the glucuronic acid residues in hyaluronate.