Dyes, Stains and Tinctures

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C.I. Solvent Orange 3 is a fluorescent dye that is used as a tracer in analytical chemistry to measure the water permeability of a sample by measuring the rate of diffusion of the dye. It is also used for sample preparation and kinetic studies when performing dispersive solid-phase extraction or surface methodology. The results show that C.I. Solvent Orange 3 has high water solubility and good stability, but can be decomposed by radiation, such as ultraviolet light and gamma rays, with an activation energy of around 100-150 kJ/mol and an induction time of 5-10 minutes. The compound has been detected in oroxylum indicum and curcuma aromatica plants, as well as angelicae dahuricae, titration calorimetry, and human serum samples from China. The compound is able to form hydrogen bonding interactions with other molecules such as glycol ethers, which are commonly found in Chinese herbs such as Angelica Dah

Basic yellow 40 is a basic dye that belongs to the group of dyes. It is an orange-yellow powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. Basic yellow 40 has been used as an additive in food, drugs, and cosmetics. Basic yellow 40 has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth by binding to the phospholipid membrane and inhibiting the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. The optimum concentration for this compound is 10-4 M.

Reactive fluorescent labeling reagent

Phenol red is a pH indicator that finds broad applications from chemistry to microbiology. Colour varies from yellow at pH<6.8 (lmax 443nm) through to light red/pink at 6.8<pH<8.2 (lmax 570 nm) to vivid purple/red at pH>8.2. It is widely used in cell culture to monitor pH and for colorimetric titration. For example, phenol red can be used to quantify Br- content in sea or fresh water. It is added to VTM as pH indicator, at the concentration of 10mg/ml, maintaining a pink colour at neutral pH.

WST-5 is a colourless compounds which become coloured when reduced to WST-5 formazan forming a blue colour. Traditionally used as an indicator of cell metabolism in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, WST-5 functions as an artificial electron acceptor and thus detects dehydrogenase activities. The production of coloured formazan is irreversible and can be quantified using spectrophotometry.

Fast Yellow is a liquid crystal composition that is used in the production of devices and liquid crystal compositions. It has a high molecular weight, low surface tension, and excellent solvency and dispersing properties. Fast Yellow is also a disinfectant with good water absorption, which makes it suitable for use as an additive in polymer films. Fast Yellow consists of arylalkyl groups that are hydrophobic, making this product highly suitable for use in devices with hydrophobic surfaces.

Bromophenol Red sodium salt is a colorless, odorless chemical compound that is an inorganic phosphate salt. It emits a yellow color when lit by ultraviolet light. Bromophenol Red sodium salt is used as a surfactant and carbonate buffer in the laboratory. It also has properties of a color indicator and pH indicator.

Pigment Yellow 182 is a heat-resistant organic pigment that is used as the yellow in some traffic paints. It can be polymerized by an initiator, such as eugenol, and has a molecular weight of 191. Pigment Yellow 182 has a particle diameter of 2.5 nm and is insoluble in water. Pigment Yellow 182 absorbs light with wavelengths between 580 and 640 nm and therefore appears bright yellow to the human eye.

Bindschedler's Green Leuco Base is an analytical chemistry reagent used for the detection of nitrite ions in clinical and other uses. It is a green dye that reacts with nitrite ions to form a red-brown compound. The reaction between nitrite ions and Bindschedler's Green Leuco Base is catalyzed by hydrochloric acid, which provides the acidic conditions necessary for the reaction. Bindschedler's Green Leuco Base has been shown to be useful for detecting nitrite ion concentrations in human serum or plasma. The detection time is rapid and can be completed within 5 minutes. This dye has also been shown to react with dinucleotide phosphate, chloride, or mercuric chloride in a transfer reaction. Bindschedler's Green Leuco Base also exhibits kinetic properties as it reacts with mouse hippocampal tissue or polyamine oxidase.

C.I. Acid Yellow 117 is a dye that has been used in the textile industry, but is now used primarily as a food colorant. It is not metabolized by the body and is excreted unchanged in urine and feces. C.I. Acid Yellow 117 may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache and dizziness at high levels of exposure (above 10 milligrams per day). The dye can also cause methemoglobinemia in children who have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or who are taking an oxidizing drug such as sulfonamides or nitrofurantoin. C.I. Acid Yellow 117 binds to form a water-soluble complex with calcium ions when it enters wastewater treatment plants where it can be removed by activated sludge treatment processes or by precipitation with lime or aluminum sulfate before release into rivers or oceans. C.I. Acid Yellow 117 has been shown to inhibit cell

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Acid Red 266 is a hydroxyl-containing polymeric dye that is used in the textile and paper industries as a colorant, pigment, or dye. It has been shown to be an efficient control agent for the polymerization of polyvinyl acetate. Acid Red 266 can also be used to form films with high light stability and good mechanical properties. The hydroxyl group present in this molecule causes it to have a polarizing effect on UV absorption. Acid Red 266 is made of particles that are soluble in water and alcohols, but insoluble in oils. This acid dye is also sensitive to heat, so it should not be exposed to temperatures over 60°C.

C.I.Reactive Orange 12 is a reactive dye that belongs to the class of alcohols. It is used in wastewater treatment because it can bind to organic matter, such as polysaccharides and proteins, and has a high affinity for multi-walled carbon. C.I.Reactive Orange 12 is also an active substance that can be used in the production of activated carbon filters for water purification or as a fungicide on fungal biomass. The adsorption mechanism of C.I.Reactive Orange 12 is not yet fully understood, but it has been shown that this compound reacts with methyl glycine under acidic conditions to form an ion pair and then react with activated benzalkonium chloride to form a monolayer on the surface of activated carbon particles, which prevents the adsorption of other substances

Pigment Red 177 is a red pigment that belongs to the group of organic compounds called nitroso pigments. It has a chemical structure with a hydroxyl group and is soluble in alcohol, methanol, and glycol esters. Pigment Red 177 can be used as an additive for plastics or as a colorant for paints and inks. The light emission from this pigment is dependent on its composition and can range from violet to deep red. The dry weight of Pigment Red 177 ranges from 500-700 grams per kilogram. Pigment Red 177 is not toxic to humans because it does not contain aromatic hydrocarbons or heavy metals. This pigment can be made by polymerizing an initiator with the appropriate monomers such as styrene, butadiene, or vinyl acetate in an optimal reaction time of 30 minutes at 60 degrees Celsius. Pigment Red 177 has been used as a colorant in various products such as food, cosmetics, and textiles.

Vat red 41 is a polymeric matrix that contains a control agent and a reaction product. The control agent is an inorganic acid, and the reaction product is hydroxyl group and fluoroacetic acid. Vat red 41 has low energy requirements, which makes it suitable for use in industrial production. It can be activated with a catalyst (e.g., metal hydroxides) to produce reaction products with high molecular weights. Vat red 41 has been shown to have ferroelectric properties due to its carbonyl groups and coordination complex. This material has been used as a binder in x-ray crystal structures of organic molecules that are difficult to crystallize without the presence of this compound.

Brooker's merocyanine dye is a fluorescent dye that has been used in analytical chemistry and fluorescence spectrometry. It is an organic compound that is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. The complexation of Brooker's merocyanine dye with other molecules or solutes can be determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. This dye binds to the cavity of the molecule and stabilizes the dipole moment, which leads to significant interactions between Brooker's merocyanine dye and molecules or solutes.

Disperse Orange S-RL is a decolorizing agent that removes color from polypropylene. It has an optimal sequence and kinetic and can be used in sequences of decolorizing reactions. Disperse Orange S-RL also has the ability to remove dye from polyester, with an orange spectrum and parameters that can be adjusted depending on the glucose concentration and dye concentration.

4-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) is a metabolite of the herbicide paraquat. It has been studied as an anticancer agent that inhibits the proliferation of human carcinoma cell lines and induces apoptosis. DMAC also binds to DNA, inhibiting transfer reactions and preventing the synthesis of unsymmetrical dyes and procyanidins. DMAC has been shown to inhibit inflammation in mice by blocking the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The anti-inflammatory activity is due to its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, thereby preventing the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid.

Malachite green oxalate is an adsorbent that can be used for wastewater treatment. It has a high affinity for organic molecules, which allows it to remove the substances from water. Malachite green oxalate reacts with the dissolved organic molecules and forms a strong bond with them, which prevents them from being redeposited in the water. The reaction mechanism of malachite green oxalate is based on its ability to adsorb onto the surface of organic molecules and react with them. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm shows that malachite green oxalate has a significant cytotoxicity and toxicological effect on human cells. Malachite green oxalate also binds to p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) in human serum, which is an enzyme substrate that is involved in many metabolic processes such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The optical sensor was used to measure the redox potential of malachite green

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Applications 4-Aminobiphenyl-d9 (CAS# 344298-96-0) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

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Black Cohosh is used as a herbal remedy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats. It is also used in the treatment of various other conditions, such as osteoarthritis, chronic pain, and urinary tract infections. Black Cohosh has been shown to have physiological effects on humans at doses that are equivalent to those found in nature. Black Cohosh may interact with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and increase their blood levels. The drug should not be taken by people who have high blood pressure or congestive heart failure. Black Cohosh is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Black Cohosh is a plant that belongs to the genus Cimicifuga and can be found in eastern Canada and the United States. This plant’s roots are harvested when they are at least four years old and dried for use in its medicinal preparations. Black Cohosh contains several chemical compounds including actein, cimicif

Isoflupredone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used for the treatment of inflammation and pain. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin, which is a hormone that causes inflammation and pain. Isoflupredone has been shown to decrease cortisol concentration in rats and reduce the amount of hydrogen fluoride needed to inhibit bacterial growth. Isoflupredone also inhibits the activity of toll-like receptor 2, which plays an important role in inflammatory responses.

Acid Blue 9 is a reactive dye that is used in the textile industry. It has been shown to decrease photosynthetic activity and cause long-term toxicity in aquatic organisms, although it has not been found to be toxic to humans. Acid Blue 9 adsorbs onto surfaces of wastewater treatment plants and may be responsible for the degradation of enzyme activities. Acid Blue 9 is often used as an analytical method for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Produces a fluorogenic signal in the presence of peroxidase

Direct Yellow 96 is a Direct Fast to Light dye (DFL) also known as diphenyl Brilliant Flavine 7GFF, direct Yellow 7GFF, Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE and Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE 500. Direct Yellow 96 is ideal for application on cellulosic fibres, making it suitable for textile and paper colouring. Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE 500 has been described as useful dye of fungal cell walls. The dye yields fluorescently stained material generally in the blue to green wavelengths and provides an excellent alternative to the more commonly used fluorophore, Calcofluor White M2R.

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Fluorescent probe of intracellular lipids and hydrophobic domains of proteins

Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline is a sterile solution of the following components: • Sodium chloride • Potassium chloride • Calcium chloride • Magnesium chloride • Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate • Monopotassium phosphate • Potassium dihydrogenphosphate • Sodium dihydrogenphosphate • Glucose • Dextrose • Sodium pyruvate • L-Lysine hydrochloride Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline is commonly used in cardiovascular research to simulate the fluid environment of the heart. It is also used for blood sampling and as a culture medium for animal cells. This solution has been shown to have high cholesterol concentrations, which may be due to its uptake of fatty acids from the environment.

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Nile blue chloride is a dye used in wastewater treatment. It can be used to measure the dry weight of a sample of material. Nile blue chloride has been shown to be a reliable fluorescent probe for bacterial detection in cell culture and tissue culture, as well as for the detection of infectious diseases. This compound has also been shown to have an effect on the oxygen transport in living cells, which may be due to its high affinity for fatty acids.

Fluorogenic substrate for esterase; cell-permeable

Applications 24 Bisphenol S-13C12 is a material used in thermal printing. Used in the development of black leuco dyes. References Shima, H. et al.: J. Imag. Sci. Technol., 54, 020502 (2010)

Disperse Yellow 23 is a synthetic, industrial dye that is used in the manufacturing of plastics, textiles, and paper. It has a molecular formula of C10H16ClN2O and an x-ray crystal structure with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Disperse Yellow 23 reacts with hydroxyl groups to form a diazonium salt. It is soluble in water and has a neutral pH. Disperse Yellow 23 is highly reactive and should be handled with care as it may cause burns on contact. The chemical structures of Disperse Yellow 23 are shown below:

Direct Blue 6 is a reactive dye that is used in wastewater treatment. It is used for the removal of basic dyes and other contaminants from industrial wastewater. Direct Blue 6 is a reactive dye that has been shown to have carcinogenic potential. Direct Blue 6 has been shown to bind with aminotransferase activity and amines, which may lead to toxicity in mammals. The optimum concentration of Direct Blue 6 is 0.5 parts per million (ppm). This product can be hazardous if inhaled or ingested, and should not be handled without gloves or safety glasses.

Glutathione is a tripeptide cysteine-glycine-glutamic acid which exists in cells in the reduced form (this product) or oxidised form. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant protecting cell components from endogenous and exogeneous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Reduced glutathione has also been intensely used in the affinity purification of proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag. In the protein purification process, glutathione is used for the elution of GST-fused recombinant proteins from a glutathione-immobilised resins. In the elution buffers, reduced glutathione is typically used in the 10 – 40 mM concentration range.

Acid Blue 260 is a medical dye used in the diagnosis of bowel disease. It is also used to diagnose other inflammatory diseases such as interstitial cystitis and iritis. Acid Blue 260 has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of these conditions, with no adverse effects. The clinical relevance of this dye is that it can be used in the diagnosis of diseases that affect children. This dye binds to the polymers found in mucus or epithelial cells by hydrogen bonding, which makes it useful for identifying abnormalities in the lacrimal gland, bowel disease, and other diseases involving inflammation.

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Pigment Yellow 175 is a yellow pigment that has a melting point of about 130-140°C. It is soluble in glycol esters and organic solvents, but insoluble in water. The color of Pigment Yellow 175 depends on the type of solvent used. When mixed with deionized water, it appears to be lemon yellow. This pigment can be found in inks, plastics, and rubber products. Pigment Yellow 175 is also used as a colorant for food products.

Applications It has been used to promote wound healing. Biological stain. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing. References Findlay, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed., Anal., 21, 1249 (2000), Han, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 6424 (2007), Jiang, Z;., et al.: J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 88, 649 (2008),

C.I. Disperse Orange 25 is a dye that has been used in the textile industry for over 30 years. It is soluble in water and has low toxicity, and is not considered hazardous to health. C.I. Disperse Orange 25 is used as an optical sensor and fluorescent agent in kinetic studies of biological treatment of wastewater, and it can also be used as a reactive or activated antimicrobial agent. The dye can be synthesized using supercritical fluid technology, which makes it a potential candidate for use with radiation-sensitive polymers to form polymer matrices with antimicrobial properties that are resistant to microbial attack by radiation.

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Neurodyerh-421 is a polyene antimicrobial agent that has been shown to be effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant strains. Neurodyerh-421 binds to the cell membrane of bacteria and forms an ion channel, causing an influx of sodium ions. This influx leads to the disruption of the membrane potential and eventual cell death. Neurodyerh-421 has also been found to have transport properties that can be modified with sugar residues or by adding ouabain binding compounds. The addition of these compounds enhances the activity and specificity of Neurodyerh-421 as an antimicrobial agent.

Prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate is a synthetic glucocorticoid that has antiinflammatory activity. Prednisolone 21-Hemisuccinate is used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, as well as various other types of inflammatory conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. It is also used to treat myocardial infarcts and various types of cancer (e.g., leukemia). Prednisolone 21-hemisuccinate acts by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, which alters gene expression and protein synthesis in cells. Prednisolone 21-Hemisuccinate binds to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), thereby inhibiting inflammation in mouse models of colitis. Prednisolone 21-Hemisuccinate also decreases glucose levels by decreasing insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

Stability Light Sensitive Applications A thiol reactive water soluble fluorescent dye.

Applications Labelled Sudan I. A food azo-dye, a liver and urinary bladder carcinogen for rodents and a potent contact allergen and sensitizer for humans. Genotoxic and carcinogenic. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing. References Skog, K., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 14, 2027 (1993), Slob, W., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 84, 167 (2005),,, Slob, W; Food and Chemical Toxicology 2006, 44, 933

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Pigment Yellow 180 is a yellow pigment with a boiling point of 116°C. It has a viscosity of 0.5-1.0 Pa·s, an aliphatic hydrocarbon content of less than 10%, and an iron content of less than 1%. Pigment Yellow 180 is soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Pigment Yellow 180 has been used as a colorant in paints and plastics and is composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), synthetic process, hydroxyl group, diameter, particle size

Pigment Red 210 (PR210) is a chemical with an orange-red color. PR210 is a hydroxyl compound with a glycol ether and glycol ester as the major components. It has been used as a control agent for plasma mass spectrometry. PR210 has good chemical stability and does not react with nitrogen atoms. It is also a molecule that consists of particles with a diameter of about 1 micrometer. The radiation from this pigment can cause allergic reactions in some people, and it may be toxic if inhaled or ingested because it can cross-link proteins in the body. PR210 was first synthesized in the 1930s by reacting phenol with 2,4-dichloro-1,3-benzenediol to produce hydroquinone monomethyl ether and 2,4-dichloro-1,3-benzenediol monomethyl ether. The reaction products are then mixed in an acid solution

Fast Violet B is a diazonium salt that reacts with an amine, such as phosphatase, to release hydrogen. This reaction can be used to measure the activity of phosphatases. The emission of light in the visible range depends on the concentration and pH of the solution. Fast Violet B is soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, ether and chloroform. It has a particle size that ranges from 0.1-0.2 microns in diameter and will not dissolve in most solvents. Fast Violet B can be used to detect zearalenone in animal feed samples using a sample preparation technique called thin layer chromatography (TLC). It has shown clinical utility for determining antibody response in humans by measuring fatty acid synthesis activity during the inflammatory response. Fast Violet B also reacts with hydrogen bonds between nucleotides on DNA molecules and it binds to human mitochondrial DNA because it contains many phosphate groups and several intramolecular hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring

Applications Sethoxydim is a neuroplastin isoforms, a member of Ig superfamily. It is expressed and important in stereocilia of outer hair cells function. Also, it is derived from Crotonaldehyde (C818650), which is an αβ-unsaturated aldehyde and an alkylating agent that is commonly found in tobacco smoke and some foods. Crotonaldehyde is also a known mutagen and carcinogen. References Zeng, W., et al.: J. Neurosci., 36, 9201-9216 (2016); Scherer, G., et al.: Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 26, 37 (2007); Zhang, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1386 (2006)

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