Dyes, Stains and Tinctures

Acid Orange 3 is a cationic surfactant that belongs to the family of dyes. It is used as a granulosa cell stain in histology, with the basic structure of a monosodium salt. Acid Orange 3 exhibits chronic oral toxicity in rats and mice, but does not show liver lesions at doses up to 4000 mg/kg. It has been shown to cause increased incidence of fatty acid oxidation, carcinogenic potential, and carcinogenesis studies in rats. Acid Orange 3 may also cause allergic reactions, such as skin irritation and erythema when applied topically. In some cases, it has been reported to cause contact dermatitis.

Indocyanine green is a fluorescent dye with a variety of applications in medical imaging. It has been used to diagnose and evaluate the activity of cancer cells and brain functions. Indocyanine green has also been used as an angiographic agent for diagnosis of solid tumours. In addition, it can be used to evaluate liver function and the blood flow in the brain. The biological properties of indocyanine green have not yet been fully elucidated, but it is known that it binds to hepatocyte-like cells in culture and is found at high levels in human serum. This dye shows fluorescence when bound to DNA or RNA, which indicates its possible use as a molecular probe for detecting carcinoma cells.  Indocyanine green is a STT3B inhibitor and has been shown to prevent α-amanitin toxicity in mice (Wang et al, 2023). This means it could be a possible antidote to poisoning by Amanita, such as death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides, which is the cause of over 90% of fatal mushroom poisoning.

Pigment orange 46 is a reactive dye with a chemical formula of C 17 H 12 O 7 that is used in photography and as a colorant. It has a cyclic structure with a hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, and one or more reactive carbon-carbon double bonds. Pigment orange 46 is classified as an aromatic compound and contains the fluorescing group, which makes it highly sensitive to radiation. Pigment orange 46 can be synthesized by reacting phenol with thioacetic acid. This product can be found as an ingredient in various insecticides and organic solvents.

Solvent Black 5 is a reactive dye that inhibits protein synthesis. It can be used as a control agent for the study of lysine residues. Solvent Black 5 has been shown to induce epidermal growth in Ba/F3 cells, which is mediated by the activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. This dye also reacts with metal surfaces, such as copper and nickel, to form a black insoluble precipitate. The hydroxyl group on the carboxy terminal side of this molecule may play an important role in its mechanism of action.

Weak Acid Yellow 3G is a benzyl ester of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol. It is a clear, amber liquid with a pH of 6.5-7.5 and can be used in the production of microspheres and monomers for organic solvent extraction and surface treatment. When diluted with water, it has an alkaline reaction system. This product is soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water and most other common solvents. Weak Acid Yellow 3G can be used as a surfactant and surface active agent to simplify reactions systems by removing the need for additional reagents or solvents.

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Brominated analog of carboxyfluorescein; singlet oxygen generator

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Tartrazine is a yellow dye that belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is used in the food industry as a colorant and has been used in many other products, such as medicines, cosmetics, and household goods. Tartrazine has been shown to be an agonist for the P2Y receptor and also inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 by inhibiting phospholipase C activity. This drug has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models of inflammatory diseases.

Disperse Blue 60 is a stilbene-based dye that absorbs ultraviolet light and emits red fluorescent light. It is used in wastewater treatment, biological treatment, and supercritical water oxidation processes. Disperse Blue 60 is activated by fatty acid, alkanoic acid, or polymeric matrix to form an antimicrobial agent that can be used in radiation sterilization of food products. This dye also has the ability to absorb radiation in the range of 200 - 300 nm and emit fluorescence at 590 nm. The oxidation catalyst provides stability for the dye molecule under conditions of high temperature or pressure.

Indigo is a dye that has been used for centuries in the textile industry for its unique blue color.

Pigment Yellow 147 is a yellow pigment, usually used in coatings and polycarbonates. It has a particle size of 0.1-2 microns and can be synthesized by polymerization of an aromatic hydrocarbon with a hydroxyl group and an inorganic compound that contains at least one functional group. Pigment Yellow 147 is also known as 3-hydroxybenzidine or 3-hydroxy-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzindole. Pigment Yellow 147 absorbs light in the visible spectrum between 500 nm to 520 nm and has an index of refraction between 1.621 to 1.632 at 20°C, with a melting point of around 190°C. This pigment's color is due to the presence of microspheres that are typically composed of hydrogen chloride gas or another halogenated hydrocarbon such as tetrachloroethylene or hexachlorobenzene.

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Pigment Red 21 is a primary amine that has a liquid crystal composition. It is used as a pigment in paints and plastics, and can be found in deionized water. Pigment Red 21 has a diameter of 10 nm and the structural formula C12H17N3O5. It is an inorganic pigment with chelate ligand functional groups. Pigment Red 21 is also known as Scarlet, FD&C Red No.21, or E120. This pigment absorbs radiation from the electromagnetic spectrum and converts it to heat energy, which causes its color change from red to orange when heated above its melting point of about 250 degrees Celsius. The thermal expansion coefficient for this product is approximately 4x10^-6/K at 25 degrees Celsius.

Food Black 1 is a food additive that is used to dye foods and beverages. It is a dark-colored dye, which can be used to color products such as cakes, soft drinks, ice cream, and cheese. Food Black 1 has been shown to have genotoxic effects and carcinogenic potential in rats; however there are no studies that show it has any carcinogenic properties in humans. There are some concerns about the safety of Food Black 1 in terms of its long-term toxicity, but these have not been confirmed by independent research studies. There are no known cases of adverse reactions to this additive.

Alcian blue 8GX is a water-soluble dye that has been used for many years to stain the cell cytoplasm and other cellular structures. It binds to proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Alcian blue 8GX is typically used as a histochemical staining agent in conjunction with phosphotungstic acid or hematoxylin. The binding of Alcian blue 8GX to cells is dependent on the presence of hydroxyl groups and it is transported by a passive process that is inhibited by lanthanum ions. This dye binds to glucosylceramide in the cerebellar purkinje neurons, which can be detected using electron microscopy. Alcian blue 8GX has been shown to enhance protein synthesis in human serum, but does not affect this process at low energy levels such as those found in diabetic patients.

Brilliant cresyl blue is a reactive dye that is used as a model system for mitochondrial membrane potential. It is injected into the oocyte and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is performed to detect mitochondrial functions. The dye can be detected with optical sensors, which are sensitive to UV light. When the dye migrates from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, it can be detected by UV-sensitive sensors. This process can help scientists determine if there are any defects in mitochondrial membrane potential.

Produces a fluorogenic signal in the presence of peroxidase

Disperse Yellow 3 is an organic compound that is used in wastewater treatment. It is a yellow, non-volatile dye with genotoxic activity and can be used as an analytical method for determining the concentration of fatty acids in a sample. Disperse Yellow 3 has been shown to have allergic reactions and is believed to be carcinogenic. The particle size of this substance is 6-8 microns. Disperse Yellow 3 can also be found in basic dyes and chemical analyses.

Fast Red ITR is a synthetic dye that is used as a chromogenic substrate in clinical pathology. It is characterized by its acidity and its fatty acid reactivity, which makes it suitable for the detection of phosphatases. Fast Red ITR has been shown to have monoclonal antibody binding sites with cell specificity. This dye can be used to detect cyclic peptide substrates that are complex life cycles or visually detectable, such as diazonium salt complexes. Fast Red ITR has also been shown to inhibit phosphatase enzyme activity. Fast Red ITR is soluble in water and reacts with hydrochloric acid to form a red precipitate.

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C.I. Acid Orange 88 is a fine chemical, which can be used as a versatile building block in the synthesis of complex compounds for use as research chemicals and reaction components. It is a useful intermediate for the production of other chemicals. C.I. Acid Orange 88 belongs to the group of speciality chemicals and has high quality properties that make it useful as a reagent in research applications.

Disperse Red 362 is a yellow pigment that can be used in inkjet printing. It has an express color and is typically used in the printing of textiles, paper, plastics, and other materials. The color of Disperse Red 362 is similar to that of cadmium yellow.

Disperse Blue 165 is a dye with an optimum pH of 6-9. It has good water solubility, high pigment strength, and excellent light fastness. Disperse Blue 165 is resistant to radiation, nitro groups, chlorine atom and organic solvent. Disperse Blue 165 can be used in the textile industry and dyestuffs industry as a c1-4 alkyl chloride dye. Disperse Blue 165 is also used in the production of hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications and dental restorations.

Acridine orange 10-nonylbromide is a fluorescent dye that binds to DNA and RNA. It is used in biochemistry to stain cells and tissues for examination under a microscope. Acridine orange 10-nonylbromide has been shown to bind to the mitochondria in human white blood cells, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial membrane potential, which leads to cell lysis. Acridine orange 10-nonylbromide also has an index of high values with water vapor, making it an ideal candidate for use as an indicator in ecological studies. Acridine orange 10-nonylbromide can be used as a probe for the study of biological samples because it binds reversibly to nucleic acids, giving it chemical stability. Acridine orange 10-nonylbromide also has monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the physiological function of proteins, which makes it useful as a probe for biochemical research involving protein synthesis or degradation.

C.I. Disperse Orange 44 is a synthetic dyestuff that belongs to the group of azobenzene dyes. It has optical properties in the visible region and is used as a pigment for colorants, such as textile printing and paper coating. C.I. Disperse Orange 44 can be found in deionized water or organic solvents at concentrations of 0.1-0.5%. The molecular weight of this compound is 527 g/mol and its molecular formula is C₁₃H₁₄N₅O₀₀. This dye also has an average viscosity of 1.2 mPa·s at 25°C and 1 atm, which may be due to its crystal x-ray diffraction pattern that shows a crystalline form with an orthorhombic shape and space group Pbca with lattice constants a = 1031 pm, b = 10