Coumarins

4',5'-Dihydrobergapten is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin, which is sourced primarily from various plant species, including members of the Rutaceae family. This compound is a derivative of psoralen and structurally categorized as a linear furanocoumarin. Its mode of action primarily involves intercalation into DNA, leading to photoactivation upon UVA exposure, which induces DNA cross-linking and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Such mechanisms are pivotal for its biological properties. 4',5'-Dihydrobergapten is utilized extensively in scientific research exploring its potential therapeutic applications. It has been studied for its role in photochemotherapy, particularly in the treatment of skin disorders like psoriasis and vitiligo, where controlled UVA exposure and the resulting phototoxic effect can help manage abnormal skin cell proliferation. Additionally, due to its ability to modulate enzyme activity, this compound is of interest in the investigation of metabolic regulation and its implications in cancer treatment and prevention. Its potential antioxidant properties are also under study, contributing to its broad relevance in biomedical research.

Lactone

Decursinol angelate is a bioactive compound, which is derived from the roots of plants such as Angelica gigas, a species commonly used in traditional Asian medicine. This compound is a coumarin derivative, known for its potential pharmacological properties. Decursinol angelate’s mode of action involves the modulation of inflammatory pathways, particularly through the inhibition of key enzymes and cytokines involved in inflammatory responses, such as COX-2 and TNF-alpha. This modulation leads to a reduction in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, which can be beneficial in managing inflammation-related conditions. The uses and applications of Decursinol angelate span a range of biomedical fields, particularly in the development of anti-inflammatory therapies. It has been studied for its potential efficacy in treating conditions such as arthritis and other auto-immune disorders. Additionally, due to its origin and mode of action, it may serve as a template for the synthesis of new therapeutic agents aiming to mitigate inflammatory processes. Researchers are exploring its role in broader pharmacological contexts, leveraging its natural origin and biological activity to enhance health outcomes.

Praeruptorin B (Praeruptorin D), a compound found in the roots of Peuced, is an inhibitor of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs).

(-)-Marmesinin (Ammijin) is a linear furanocoumarin isolated from Aegle marmelose, with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Lactone

Fraxetin is a chemical compound known as a coumarin derivative, which is a natural product primarily sourced from various plant species. As a member of the coumarin family, fraxetin is often extracted from the roots, bark, and leaves of plant sources like Fraxinus species and other related flora. The compound operates through an array of biochemical pathways, prominently exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It acts by scavenging free radicals and modulating oxidative stress-related pathways, while also influencing the expression of various inflammatory cytokines. Fraxetin has garnered scientific interest due to its potential applications in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals. It has exhibited promising results in preclinical studies as a candidate for treating conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and certain types of cancer. Moreover, its role in modulating cellular pathways makes it a molecule of interest for further research into therapeutic development and understanding disease mechanisms. This multi-faceted compound continues to be a subject for ongoing research, aiming to harness its biological potential and explore new applications.

5,7-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (Methyl-2H-Chromen-2-One) inhibits human neutrophil oxidative metabolism and elastase activity.

The 6-methylcoumarin is a benzalkonium chloride that can be used as a stabilizer for biological samples. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of coumarin derivatives, which are receptors that are involved in the transmission of pain signals in the brain. The 6-methylcoumarin is also able to inhibit signal peptide, which is a protein that is secreted by cells and functions as a messenger between cells. This compound was found to have hypoglycemic effects due to its ability to stimulate glucose uptake in the body.

Coumarin102 (Exciton 480) is a fluorescent dye.Coumarin102 has weak inhibitory activity against Monoamine oxidase B, MAO-B and MAO-A and can be used to study

7-Ethoxycoumarin, a typical human P450 substrate, is catalyzed by both wild-type and mutant forms of CYP102A1.

Umbelliferone (UMB), a natural antioxidant, is benzopyrone in nature, and it is present in the fruits of golden apple and bitter orange, UMB has a protective effect on membrane fatty acid composition of liver and kidney as supported by antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effects of UMB reported earlier as evidenced by improved histopathological changes, hepatic and nephritic markers, indicating recovery from the risk of diabetic complications; UMB has antihyperglycemic effect, UMB at 30 mg/kg of body weight possesses a promising antihyperglycemic effect that is comparable with glibenclamide.[1,2]

Lactone

Micromarin F (E-Methylarnottinin) is a coumarin derivative extracted from the stems of Micromelum minutum Wight et Arn.

4-Methoxycoumarin analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

Lactone

Sphondin, a furanocoumarin derivative isolated from Heracleum laciniatum, possesses an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) release in A549 cells, the inhibitory mechanism, at least in part, through suppression of NF-kappaB activity, suggests that sphondin may have the therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory drug on airway inflammation.

3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin is a specialized fluorescent probe, which is a synthetic organic compound designed for use in biochemical assays. This compound is sourced from the broader family of coumarins, which are known for their versatile fluorescence properties. The mode of action of 3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin involves its ability to exhibit strong fluorescent emission when excited by specific wavelengths of light, making it a valuable tool for monitoring biochemical reactions and interactions. 3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin is primarily used in enzymatic assays, particularly those involving cytochrome P450 enzymes and other oxidoreductases. These assays can elucidate enzyme activity, inform on metabolic pathways, and contribute to drug discovery and development processes. Additionally, its application extends to studying receptor-ligand interactions and cell signaling pathways, providing insights into cellular mechanisms and interactions. The compound’s fluorescence characteristics make it ideal for high-throughput screening methods, allowing scientists to gather data efficiently across numerous samples.

Pranferol is a phytochemical compound, which is derived from natural plant sources. It possesses unique immunomodulatory properties, affecting cellular pathways that regulate immune responses. The bioactive components in Pranferol interact with specific receptors on immune cells, modulating signaling cascades and gene expression to enhance or suppress specific immune functions depending on the physiological context. Extensive research on Pranferol has demonstrated its potential in various therapeutic applications, particularly in the modulation of immune-related disorders. It may contribute to balancing immune responses in autoimmune diseases, reducing inflammation, and enhancing the efficacy of vaccines by acting as an adjuvant. Further studies are warranted to explore its role in oncology as it may influence tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration. This distinctive profile of Pranferol makes it a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at immune system regulation.

Lactone

M05765 - 7-Hydroxycoumarin

Magnolioside has anti-plasmodial activity, shows notable growth inhibitory activity against chloroquine-sensitive strains of P.

Lactone

7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin is a naturally occurring coumarin, which is derived from plants and certain fungi. It possesses a distinct chemical structure characterized by a benzopyrone core with hydroxyl groups at the 7th and 8th positions, contributing to its distinct biochemical properties. The mode of action of 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin is largely attributed to its ability to act as a potent antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and chelating metal ions, thus mitigating oxidative stress at the cellular level. In scientific research, 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin is extensively studied for its potential as a therapeutic agent due to its diverse biological activities. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticoagulant properties, making it a valuable candidate for various biomedical applications. Additionally, its role in modulating enzyme activities and signaling pathways further broadens its scope in pharmacological studies. Researchers are keenly investigating its use in developing novel treatments for diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. The precise mechanisms and broad applications of 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin make it a subject of significant interest within the scientific community.

Isoimperatorin is a medicinal herbal product that is isolated from the dried roots of Angelicae dahuricae ,can inhibit the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-1-dependent phases of prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) generation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC 50 values of 10.7 μM and 24 μM, respectively; it may provide the basis for novel anti-inflammatory drugs.

(+)-Pteryxin ((+)-Pteryxin) has muscle-relaxant props. (+)-Pteryxin shows hepatoprotective and nitric oxide prodn. inhibitory activity.

Apterin is a naturally occurring compound, classified as a coumarin derivative, which is isolated from members of the Apiaceae family. Its source is primarily derived from plant species known for their therapeutic properties. The mode of action of Apterin involves its ability to influence various biochemical pathways. It has been noted for its capacity to inhibit specific enzymes and modulate receptor activities, contributing to its diverse pharmacological effects. This action is believed to result from its structure, which allows interaction with cellular components, impacting processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress. In terms of its applications, Apterin has been studied for potential use in pharmaceuticals, particularly for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Research indicates it may have roles in modulating immune responses and providing neuroprotection. Moreover, ongoing studies are exploring its efficacy in conditions like cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. While further investigation is necessary to fully establish its therapeutic potential, Apterin remains a compound of interest in the field of natural product chemistry and pharmacology.

Pangelin is a novel biochemical agent, which is meticulously derived from a unique microbial source with advanced bioconversion techniques. This product functions primarily through a targeted enzymatic mechanism that modulates specific biochemical pathways, ensuring high specificity and efficacy in its action. The enzymatic process engages with targeted substrates to yield predictable and controlled outcomes, making it a potentially valuable tool in biochemical research and applications. Pangelin's uses and applications are diverse, encompassing fields such as molecular biology, biocatalysis, and synthetic biology. In molecular biology, it serves as a precise tool for manipulating biochemical pathways to study gene expression and regulation. In biocatalysis, Pangelin's enzymatic properties make it an essential catalyst, accelerating reactions with high specificity, thus enabling more efficient and sustainable chemical processes. Its role in synthetic biology involves assembling intricate pathways and developing novel biosynthetic routes, potentially leading to groundbreaking advancements in drug development, biofuels, and biopolymers. Scientists exploring enzyme-based solutions can leverage Pangelin's capabilities to innovate within their respective fields.

3-(α-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin sodium is an anticoagulant compound, which is a synthetic derivative of coumarin. It is primarily sourced via chemical synthesis in laboratory settings. Its mode of action involves inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X. This inhibition impairs blood coagulation, leading to uncontrolled bleeding. The primary use of 3-(α-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin sodium is in the field of pest control, where it is employed as a rodenticide. The compound is particularly valuable in managing populations of rodents such as rats and mice, which are significant agricultural and urban pests. It is typically formulated into bait products that are ingested by the target species, leading to effective population reduction due to its delayed action mechanism. This delay ensures that the rodent does not associate the adverse effects with the bait, thereby increasing the likelihood of ingestion by other members of the population. While highly effective, handling and application require careful management due to potential hazards to non-target species and the risk of secondary poisoning.

Scopoletin-2',3'-epoxy-3'-methylbutyl ether is a synthetic derivative of scopoletin, which is a coumarin compound. This ether derivative is primarily obtained from chemical synthesis processes designed to modify the parent compound, scopoletin, which is naturally found in various plants, such as those in the Asteraceae and Rubiaceae families. The mode of action typically involves the modulation of biochemical pathways, primarily through interacting with enzymes or receptors that regulate oxidative stress or inflammation. Scopoletin-2',3'-epoxy-3'-methylbutyl ether is under investigation for its potential uses in pharmacology, particularly in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies. Its structural modifications aim to enhance bioavailability and increase efficacy in biological systems compared to its natural analogs. Researchers are exploring its applications in mitigating chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions involving oxidative stress, which are linked to a wide range of pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer.

Isosibiricin is a naturally occurring lignan, which is extracted from certain plant sources. This compound is derived from the genus Daphne, traditionally known for its diverse range of biologically active constituents. Its mode of action is primarily through the modulation of key signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Isosibiricin exhibits notable inhibitory effects on specific enzymes and receptors implicated in oncogenic processes, making it a subject of interest for cancer research. The uses and applications of Isosibiricin extend into the realm of experimental oncology, where it serves as a lead compound for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Its potential to interfere with malignant cell growth and induce programmed cell death without affecting normal cells positions it as a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapies. Current investigations focus on its efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles, contributing to the burgeoning field of plant-derived anticancer compounds.

Applications 7-Hydroxy Coumarin-d5 Sulfate Potassium Salt is the labeled analogue of 7-Hydroxy Coumarin Sulfate Potassium Salt (H924890), a metabolite of 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC). Found in hepatocyte, microsome, S9 fraction of human, dog, monkey, rat and mouse liver. References Ekins, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos. 24, 990 (1996); Bock, K., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol. 66, 691 (2003); Naritomi, Y., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos. 31, 580 (2003)

Osthenol is a natural product compound, known for its osteogenic-promoting properties. It is derived from plant sources, specifically from the fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata, a member of the Moraceae family. This compound functions by modulating cellular activities associated with bone formation. Osthenol has been reported to promote the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, through the activation of specific signaling pathways such as the BMP-2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. These pathways are crucial for enhancing the deposition of extracellular matrix and increasing the expression of osteogenic markers. The primary applications of Osthenol are in biomedical research and therapeutic developments focused on bone health. Its potential for aiding in the treatment of osteoporosis and enhancing bone regeneration makes it a subject of significant interest. Osthenol's ability to stimulate osteogenesis suggests its utility in developing novel treatments for bone-degenerative diseases and improving outcomes in regenerative medicine, particularly in tissue engineering and bone grafting procedures. Scientists continue to explore its efficacy and mechanisms in preclinical and clinical studies to better understand its full potential.

Cichoriin is a photosensitive compound, it could be used as herbal photosensitizing agent in treating benign breast tumor in rats.