Ketones

1-(3-Ethoxyphenyl)ethanone is a butenolide that has been shown to have pharmacokinetic properties. It is metabolized by the enzyme dehydrogenase in the liver, with the resultant metabolites being excreted in urine. It has been shown to inhibit mutant enzymes, such as 2-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine (2AHMP), and also inhibits bacterial growth by binding to active sites of bacterial enzymes. 1-(3-Ethoxyphenyl)ethanone was initially isolated from the fungus Penicillium friedelii and exhibits activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other bacteria.

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3,3-Dimethoxy-2-butanone is a synthetic compound that is used as a biodiesel. It can be synthesized by the following synthetic scheme: The synthesis of 3,3-dimethoxy-2-butanone starts with the oxidation of methyl acetate to methyl ethyl ketone using potassium permanganate. The product is then treated with hydrochloric acid to produce 3,3-dimethoxypropionaldehyde. This molecule is then converted into the desired product via reduction with sodium borohydride. The reaction requires elevated temperatures and pressure and it produces a mixture of products. This compound has been shown to exhibit properties similar to those of mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone and cortisone, which are hormones that regulate salt retention in mammals. Hence, this compound can be used for diagnostic purposes when investigating heart disease or hypertension.

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