Amides

2,5,6-Trichloro nicotinamide is a stabilizer that is used in the preparation process of granules. It has been shown to increase the efficiency of acifluorfen and imazapic herbicides. 2,5,6-Trichloro nicotinamide also prevents the formation of insoluble chlorides by reacting with sodium caseinate (a protein) to form soluble chlorides. 2,5,6-Trichloro nicotinamide can be used as an additive to eliminate imazamox and caseinate from the water system.

Methylthioacetic acid is a weak organic acid that is used as an ophthalmic drug. When methylthioacetic acid is activated, intramolecular hydrogen bonds form between the methylthiosulfonate ion and the nitrate ion. This process requires spin resonance to take place, which can be explained by the functional theory of kinetics. The reaction of methylthioacetic acid with nitrate ions to form methylthiosulfonate ions has been shown to be rapid and reversible in both dry weight and wet weight experiments. The alkylation of methylthioacetic acid with ethyl bromoacetate has been shown to produce thermochemically stable imine and phosphate ions.

Applications Dibromoacetamide is a byproduct produced from water purifciation processes. References Chuang, Y., et al.: Env. Sci. Tech., 53, 3729 (2019);

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Malonamide is a natural product with biological properties that include anti-inflammatory activity. It is a receptor antagonist that binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and blocks the binding of acetylcholine, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction. Malonamide has been shown to have good chemical stability and phosphorus pentoxide tolerance. This compound also has high steric interactions with halogens, which allows it to act as an effective antiseptic agent for wounds or skin infections caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Malonamide has been shown to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin resistant strains. Malonamide binds to copper ions and forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the nitrogen atoms in the molecule. This interaction stabilizes its conformation and leads to increased chemical stability in comparison with other nitrogen containing drugs.

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PAR-2 (1-6) amide (human) trifluoroacetate salt H-Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Lys-Val-NH2 trifluoroacetate salt is a protease inhibitor that inhibits the activity of PAR2, a protein receptor. PAR2 is implicated in cancer and inflammation. It has been shown to inhibit growth factor signaling, as well as activate toll-like receptor 4 and other inflammatory pathways. PAR2 inhibition has also been studied in vivo and found to be effective in treating wild type mice with melanoma cells. In vitro studies have shown that PAR2 inhibition by PAR 2 (1-6) amide (human) trifluoroacetate salt H-Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Lys-Val NH2 trifluoroacetate salt blocks the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6.

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2-Chloro-N-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (CTZ) is an antibacterial agent that belongs to the group of thiomorpholine derivatives. The antibacterial activity of CTZ is due to its ability to inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. CTZ has been shown to be effective against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium. In addition, it has potent antibacterial activity against fungi like Candida albicans.

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5-Amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide is the sodium salt of 5 amino pyrazole. This compound is a colorless solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β).

(S,E)-3-(6-Bromopyridin-2-yl)-2-cyano-N-(1-phenylethyl)acrylamide (MBI-23) is a potential antineoplastic agent that has been shown to induce regression of bladder cancer in mice. MBI-23 induces apoptosis by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and inducing differentiation of cancer stem cells. It is also shown to inhibit tumor growth and progression in glioma and prostate cancer models. MBI-23 binds to the KDR receptor subtype, which is activated by organic acids and inhibited by inorganic compounds. This binding leads to constitutive activation of the KDR receptor, thereby inducing apoptosis. The tautomers and stereoisomers of MBI-23 have not been fully elucidated yet.

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Napropamide is a stable complex of an amide and a genotoxic compound. It has been shown to have a potential for ecological effects in the environment, as it binds to polyvinyl chloride, which is used in many plastics. Napropamide is also an herbicide that inhibits the enzyme activity of acetolactate synthase, which is essential for bacterial growth. This herbicide affects the growth of plants by inhibiting photosynthesis and reducing the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in plants. Napropamide acts as an herbicide by binding to the active site of acetolactate synthase and blocking its activity. The molecular docking analysis has shown that napropamide binds with high affinity to acetolactate synthase from bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Bacillus subtilis.

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3-Fluoro-4-formylphenylacetic acid (3FFAA) is a ring system that has been found to be an effective antifungal agent. 3FFAA inhibits the growth of Candida albicans, which is an opportunistic fungus present in AIDS patients and those with other immuno-deficiencies. 3FFAA has also been shown to have anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. This compound is not active against other bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. 3FFAA binds to the enzyme RNA polymerase, preventing the formation of RNA transcripts and inhibiting protein synthesis. The antimycobacterial activity of this compound may be due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of DNA by binding to bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA.