Steroids

Daucosterol (Sitogluside) has proliferation-enhancing activity, may be involved in the IGF1-AKT pathway.

Hecogenin (Hocogenin), a steroid saponin derived from Agave sisalana, serves as a specific inhibitor for human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.

Sitoindoside I (Longiside B) is a compound from Heynea trijuga Roxburgh leaves, useful for studying chronic asthma and atopic dermatitis.

Applications Stable labelled metabolite of Ursodeoxycholic Acid, which is used as an anticholelithogenic.

Applications 5,6-Dehydro-17α-dutasteride is an epimer of 5,6-Dehydro-17β-dutasteride (D229560) an impurity in the synthesis of Dutasteride (D735000), a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2; structurally related to Finasteride (F342000). Dutasteride is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995), Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999), Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005),

Applications 4’-Hydroxy Dutasteride is an impurity of Dutasteride (D735000), a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2; structurally related to Finasteride (F342000). Dutasteride is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995), Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999), Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005)

Applications Labelled Campesterol (C155360). A phytosterol, which may inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. References Fransen, H., et al.: J. Nut., 140, 1062 (2010), Kojoma, M., et al.: Plant Biotechnol., 27, 59 (2010), Orozco-Solano, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 7539 (2010),

Saponins are naturally occurring glycosides, which are compounds sourced primarily from various plant species, including legumes, herbs, and certain vegetables. These compounds are characterized by their unique structure, comprising a hydrophobic aglycone linked to hydrophilic sugar moieties. This dual nature endows saponins with surfactant-like properties, allowing them to interact with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. Their mode of action is highly diverse, encompassing the ability to form complexes with sterols in cell membranes, leading to increased membrane permeability and potential modulation of cell signaling pathways. Additionally, saponins can interact with proteins, influencing both their structure and function. Saponins have a wide range of applications across different fields. In the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, they are studied for their potential benefits in lowering cholesterol, possessing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and exerting anticancer effects. Furthermore, saponins are employed in the cosmetics industry for their emulsifying and foaming characteristics. Their role as natural surfactants makes them valuable in food processing, enhancing texture and stability. The ecological impact of saponins is also noteworthy, as they are used in sustainable agricultural practices, such as organic pest control.

Applications An impurity of Finasteride (F342000).

Natural alkaloid

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium deoxycholate) can activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates BAT thermogenic activity.

Applications 6-keto Dexamethasone, is an impurity of Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Dexamethasone regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase.

Sterol

Cholesterol is a complex lipid molecule, which is an essential component of cell membranes in animals. It is primarily synthesized in the liver, though it can also be obtained from dietary sources such as meat, dairy, and eggs. Cholesterol's mode of action involves its incorporation into the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes, where it modulates fluidity and structural integrity, impacting membrane protein function and cellular signaling pathways. Cholesterol plays a critical role in synthesizing steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D. It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of molecules that regulate various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and development. In scientific research, cholesterol is often studied to understand lipid metabolism, cardiovascular disease pathology, and membrane biophysics. Its homeostasis is crucial; while necessary for life, an imbalance can lead to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Thus, investigating the regulation, function, and pathological impact of cholesterol continues to be a significant area of research in biochemistry and medicine.

Applications Alphadolone or Alfadolone (INN) is a neuroactive steroid with hypnotic effects. Alphadolone is one of the components of Althesin. References Harrison, N., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 241, 346 (1987), Serrao, J., et al.: Anesthesiology, 70, 780 (1989), Mistry, D., et al.: Exp. Physiol., 75, 199 (1900),

Proscillaridin A is a natural product.It is a potent poison of topoisomerase I/II activity with IC50 values of 30 nM and 100 nM, respectively.

Applications Cholesteryl n-butyrate (cas# 521-13-1) is a useful research chemical.

Marinobufagenin is a bufadienolide compound, which is isolated from the skin and parotid glands of toads, primarily those belonging to the Bufo genus. This compound is characterized by its ability to inhibit Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, an enzyme crucial for maintaining the electrochemical gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. By inhibiting this enzyme, Marinobufagenin disrupts ion homeostasis, which can lead to increased intracellular calcium concentrations in cardiac muscle cells. This action enhances the force of cardiac contraction, conferring potent cardiotonic effects. In research settings, Marinobufagenin is employed to study its potential role in hypertension and heart failure, as it has been implicated in the regulation of blood pressure and volume homeostasis. It is particularly of interest for its involvement in the endogenous cardiotonic steroid system, where it may act as a biomarker for certain cardiovascular diseases. Scientists are investigating its pathophysiological roles and therapeutic potential, as well as its interactions with other molecular pathways involved in cardiac function.

Applications A Dexamethasone Dipropionate metabolite. References Miyachi, Y., et al.: Steroids, 52, 137 (1988), Soh H., et al.: Brit. J. dermatol., 125, 73 (1991), Civiale, C., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., Thera., 20, 75 (2004),

(25R)-Spirost-4-ene-3,12-dione is a natural product.

Applications A metabolite of Desogestrel. References Back, D., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 26, 23 (1988), Wienkers, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 1990, 24, 610 (1990), Bourrie, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277, 321 (1996), Ono, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 681 (1996),

Applications Glycolithocholic-2,2,4,4-d4 Acid (CAS# 2044276-16-4) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Estradiol Enanthate has been used as an injectable contraceptive. References Coutinho, E.M., et. al.: Contraception, 73, 249 (2006)

Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity A Applications Fluocinolone Acetonide-21-carboxylic Acid, is a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800), which is a Corticosteroid, used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Dexamethasone 21-Phosphate Dimer is a derivative of Dexamethasone (D298800), a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Dexamethasone regulates T cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of nitric oxide synthase. References Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995), Riccardi, C., et al.: Cell Death Diff., 6, 1182 (1999), Llanos, S.L. and Roldan, A.: Bio Cell, 23, 29 (1999)

Ophiopogonin-D inhibits prostate cell growth in vitro/in vivo via RIPK1; potential anti-cancer agent.

Stigmasterol glucoside, a constituent of Adenanthera pavonina seed and leaf, may be a plant anticancer agent.[1,2]

Applications Testosterone 17-Phenylpropionate, is one of the 17β-fatty acid esters of testosterone, that is increasingly misused by athletes in an attempt to improve sports performance, and thus can be used in doping control. It can also be used as a therapy in glucocorticoid-treated patients to increase the circulating testosterone concentration. References Shackleton, C. H. L., et al.: Steroids, 62 (7), 523 (1997); Reid, I. R., et al.: Archives Internal Med., 156 (11), 1173 (1996);

Hellebrigenol is a butadienolide extracted from the venom of the Vietnamese toad (Bufo vulgaris) with antitumor activity.

Applications Prednisolone 21-Valerate was used to detect corticosteroid in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics via TLC, LC/MS, and HPLC. References Park, M., et al.: Yakhak Hoechi, 55, 289 (2011); Kamano, Y., et al.: Tokyo Ika Daigaku Kiyo, 6, 25 (1980);

Applications (5α)-Androst-3-en-17-one is a new potent steroidal aromatase inhibitor. Aromatase inhibitors are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and gynecomastia in men References Varela, C. L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 24, 2823 (2016), Dai, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 5612 (2010)

Applications Glycine 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholate-d5 is the labelled version of Glycine 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholate (G625250) which can be used as reactant/reagent in synthetic preparation of bile acid analogs as FXR/TGR5 agonists. References Or, Y., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2016073767 A1 20160512 (2016)

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Acros Organics product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Lactone

Applications A main metabolite of the anti-cancer drug Tamoxifen (T006000). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Fabian, C., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 2, 381 (1981), Jordan, V., et al.: Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 15, 125 (1990), Mandlekar, S., et al.: Cancer Res., 60, 6601 (2000), Lim, Y., et al.: Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 55, 471 (2005), Rouanet, P., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 2005, 23, 2980 (2005)

Uzarigenin is a steroidal sapogenin, which is a naturally derived chemical compound typically extracted from plants belonging to the Apocynaceae family. It is primarily sourced from species like *Cynanchum* and *Xysmalobium*, where it exists as part of glycosidic complexes. The mode of action of uzarigenin involves its interaction with cellular steroid pathways, providing insights into various biological processes involving steroidal regulation and interaction. Such properties make it valuable in the study of steroid biosynthesis and the pharmacodynamics of cardiotonic steroids. Uzarigenin's uses and applications are predominantly in the field of biochemical research, where scientists seek to explore its effects on cardiac glycoside activity and its potential role in modulating cardiac function. By studying uzarigenin, researchers aim to deepen their understanding of its effects on ion transport mechanisms in cells, which can pave the way for developments in cardiovascular medicine and pharmacotherapy. Additionally, its structural characteristics make it a candidate for synthetic modification, enabling studies into novel therapeutic agents and their potential applications in treating various health conditions.

Epibrassinolide is a plant growth regulator, which is a synthetic analog of brassinosteroids derived from natural plant steroids. It exerts its effects through modulating gene expression and activating signaling pathways that enhance cell elongation, division, and differentiation. Additionally, Epibrassinolide plays a crucial role in improving a plant's tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes. It is widely used in agricultural research and practices to boost crop yield and quality. Researchers apply Epibrassinolide to study its potential in promoting growth, increasing resistance to pathogens, and enhancing overall plant vitality. Its applications extend to various plant species, where it is utilized to explore genetic expressions and physiological adaptations in response to its regulatory effects.