Terpenoids

Carboxylic acid with alcohol function

Acetic acid ester

Darutoside is a bioactive compound, which is a sesquiterpene lactone glycoside sourced primarily from the Siegesbeckia orientalis plant. It functions through a mechanism that enhances extracellular matrix components, particularly promoting the synthesis of collagen and elastin fibers. This action helps in reinforcing the skin's structural integrity and improving its reparative processes. Darutoside is primarily used in dermatological applications due to its potent efficacy in enhancing skin regeneration and repair. It is commonly formulated into topical treatments aimed at reducing stretch marks and scars, as well as improving skin elasticity. Its ability to stimulate fibroblast activity makes it a valuable compound in the development of advanced skin care products designed for wound healing and anti-aging. The compound's effectiveness in modulating inflammation and supporting skin recovery positions it as a significant interest to researchers focused on therapeutic developments in dermatology.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Lanatoside A is a cardiac glycoside found in the plant "Lantana camara" and other plants of the family Verbenaceae. Lanatoside A is structurally characterized by an oxygenated hydroxyl group at C-3, which is present in the natural compound secoisolariciresinol. It has been shown to have inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in congestive heart failure such as myosin light chain kinase and serine/threonine protein kinase. Lanatoside A also has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties and may be beneficial for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The enzyme activities are inhibited by lanatosides at low pH values (pH 5-6) but not at high pH values (pH 7-8).

Natural glycoside

Natural toxin; protein phosphatase inhibitor

Beta-Hederin is a saponin, which is a type of soap-like compound, derived from the leaves of the ivy plant, Hedera helix. Saponins are glycosides characterized by their ability to form stable, soap-like foams in aqueous solutions. This particular compound is notable for its amphiphilic nature, allowing it to interact with biological membranes. The mode of action of beta-Hederin involves its ability to disrupt cellular membranes, leading to increased membrane permeability. This can result in enhanced penetration of therapeutic agents into cells, making beta-Hederin a compound of interest in pharmaceutical research. Additionally, it has been observed to influence apoptotic pathways, potentially serving as a pro-apoptotic agent in cancer research. The uses and applications of beta-Hederin are primarily centered around its potential in medical and pharmaceutical contexts. It has shown promise in preclinical studies as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant, where it may augment the efficacy of existing treatments. Furthermore, due to its membrane-disrupting properties, there is interest in its application in enhancing drug delivery systems. The ongoing research seeks to elucidate its full therapeutic potential and determine its applicability across a range of diseases.

Notoginsenoside Fa is a bioactive compound, specifically a type of saponin. It is derived from the roots of Panax notoginseng, a plant renowned in traditional Chinese medicine. The mode of action of Notoginsenoside Fa involves modulation of signaling pathways, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, as well as influencing cellular pathways related to energy metabolism and cell proliferation. This compound is primarily researched for its potential therapeutic applications in cardiovascular diseases, neuroprotection, and cancer. Its ability to modulate biological pathways makes it a promising candidate for drug development and understanding complex disease mechanisms. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate its full potential and mechanism of action in various biological systems.

Alicyclic ketone

Madecassic acid is a triterpenoid compound, which is a natural chemical constituent of Centella asiatica, commonly known as Gotu Kola. This source is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. Madecassic acid acts primarily through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. It modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathways and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, it contributes to cellular protection by scavenging reactive oxygen species. The applications of madecassic acid are extensive in the realm of dermatology and wound healing. It is frequently utilized in topical formulations to promote skin regeneration and repair. Its ability to bolster collagen synthesis and enhance epidermal barrier function makes it valuable in treating skin disorders, reducing the appearance of scars, and soothing irritated skin. Additionally, its efficacy in attenuating inflammation supports its use in managing conditions like acne and eczema. Research continues to explore its broader pharmacological potentials, including neuroprotective and anti-cancer effects.

Isolated from leaves of some peppers; potent and selective activator of TRPA1