Steroids Bile Salts

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a bile acid derivative, which is an important component of the bile produced in the liver. It originates from the metabolism and conjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid with glycine, a process that occurs in the liver. This compound plays a significant role in the emulsification and solubilization of dietary fats, which facilitates their absorption in the intestines. The sodium salt form is utilized in scientific research to study various aspects of liver metabolism and digestion. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt acts by participating in micelle formation, which is crucial for the absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. It also influences the regulation of cholesterol levels by modulating its synthesis and absorption. In research applications, Glycochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is used to explore the mechanisms of bile acid transport and signaling pathways. It serves as a key molecule in studies investigating metabolic disorders and liver diseases, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies for conditions such as cholestasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Bile acid derivative; fat solubilizer

Glycocholic acid, sodium salt hydrate is a bile acid derivative, which is primarily derived from cholesterol in the liver. It is formed by the conjugation of cholic acid with the amino acid glycine. This compound acts primarily as a detergent in the digestive system, aiding in the emulsification and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. In scientific research, glycocholic acid, sodium salt hydrate is utilized extensively as a standard for bile acid assays. It plays a crucial role in studies involving lipid metabolism, enterohepatic circulation, and the disruption of lipid bilayers. This compound is also employed in investigating the solubilization properties of bile acids and their interactions with pharmaceutical compounds. Through these applications, it aids in the development of drug delivery systems and in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of bile acid-related pathologies.

Biological detergent; assists drug and vaccine delivery

Allodeoxycholic acid is a synthetic bile acid, which is derived from the chemical modification of naturally occurring bile acids. These compounds are typically sourced from biological transformations or chemical synthesis, allowing precise structural alterations that enhance their therapeutic properties. The mode of action of allodeoxycholic acid primarily involves modulating bile acid pathways and improving bile flow. It acts on the liver by influencing the expression of nuclear receptors and modifying bile acid composition, promoting detoxification processes, and reducing hepatic inflammation. This helps in preserving liver function and alleviating symptoms associated with various liver disorders. Allodeoxycholic acid is utilized in clinical settings for the management of cholestatic liver diseases and other hepatobiliary disorders. Its application is relevant in conditions where bile acid homeostasis is disrupted, such as primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. By restoring normal bile flow and reducing liver injury, allodeoxycholic acid offers a potent therapeutic approach for patients suffering from chronic liver conditions, thereby contributing to improved clinical outcomes.

Glycocholic Acid Hydrate is an ionic bile acid conjugate, which is derived from the oxidation of cholesterol in the liver. It belongs to the class of bile acids that facilitate the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats. The compound is synthesized through a combination of liver metabolism and subsequent conjugation with glycine. With its unique ability to form mixed micelles, Glycocholic Acid Hydrate enhances the solubility of lipophilic compounds, playing a crucial role in lipid digestion and cholesterol homeostasis. In the realm of biochemical research, Glycocholic Acid Hydrate is widely employed to study the mechanisms of bile acid transport, signaling, and metabolism. It helps elucidate the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and their impact on lipid absorption. Furthermore, this compound finds applications in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly in improving the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Researchers utilize Glycocholic Acid Hydrate as a model compound to investigate intestinal absorption and the effects of bile acids on drug delivery systems. Its efficacy in mimicking physiological conditions makes it invaluable for in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on gastrointestinal physiology and related therapeutic interventions.

3-Oxo-12α-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid is a bile acid derivative, which is a type of steroid acid found naturally in bile. Bile acids, such as this compound, are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of lipids in the small intestine. The mode of action of 3-Oxo-12α-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid involves interaction with cellular receptors and enzymes to regulate cholesterol metabolism, bile flow, and lipid absorption. By binding to specific nuclear receptors, it influences gene expression related to these metabolic pathways. This compound is predominantly used in research settings to study its effects on liver function, cholesterol metabolism, and gastrointestinal health. It serves as a tool in understanding the physiological and pathological roles of bile acids in various diseases, such as cholestasis, liver disease, and metabolic disorders. Scientists utilize this compound to decipher intricate biochemical pathways and explore potential therapeutic targets for conditions associated with bile acid dysregulation.

Glycohyodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derivative, which is synthesized from hyodeoxycholic acid in the liver. It is a naturally occurring compound found in certain animal sources, particularly in the bile of pigs. The mode of action of glycohyodeoxycholic acid involves its role in the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats, contributing to the digestion process. Additionally, as a bile acid, it is involved in cholesterol metabolism and regulation within the liver. This compound has garnered scientific interest due to its potential therapeutic applications in treating liver diseases, such as cholestatic liver disorders. The use of glycohyodeoxycholic acid is being explored for its ability to modulate bile flow and improve liver function. Researchers are also investigating its potential protective effects against liver injury and its influence on cholesterol homeostasis, making it a candidate for further study in the context of metabolic and hepatic conditions.

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is a conjugated bile acid, which is derived from the amino acid glycine and chenodeoxycholic acid, a primary bile acid synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. It primarily acts as a detergent, aiding in the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats in the small intestine by forming micelles with lipids. In terms of its mode of action, glycochenodeoxycholic acid facilitates the breakdown and transport of lipids, enhances the solubility of cholesterol, and promotes the activation of nuclear receptors that play crucial roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is widely used in scientific research to study bile acid physiology, cholesterol metabolism, and the enterohepatic circulation. It serves as a valuable tool in investigating liver function and related metabolic disorders, as well as in drug delivery systems where bile acid derivatives are employed to enhance the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. Its role in signaling pathways also makes it a compound of interest in the context of metabolic diseases and cellular signaling studies.

Chenodeoxycholic acid is a human primary bile acid which is also found the bile of geese. Its C-7 epimer, Ursodeoxycholic acid is found in bear’s bile. Both bile acids are used for the treatment of gallstones, although Ursodeoxycholic acid has shown superior efficacy (bear’s bile extracts are also used in Chinese medicine).

Sodium taurocholate is a bile salt. Bile salts are used in microbiological culture media. A major use is in clinical microbiology to selectively grow faecal staphylococci and streptococci. Used as anionic detergent for solubilization of proteins, bilirubin, phospholipids and others.

Biological detergent; assists drug and vaccine delivery

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derivative, which is a conjugated form of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is sourced from the bile of mammals, specifically as a conjugate of taurine and chenodeoxycholic acid. This compound participates in the emulsification of dietary fats, which is crucial for lipid digestion and absorption. Additionally, it contributes to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis by modulating bile acid pool sizes and is involved in signaling pathways that affect lipid metabolism. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is primarily used in scientific research to study bile acid metabolism and its effects on liver function, lipid regulation, and potential anti-inflammatory actions. Its applications extend to the investigation of its role in liver diseases and disorders related to cholesterol metabolism, providing insights into therapeutic strategies for conditions such as cholestasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). By bridging pathways between bile acid biology and metabolic regulation, it remains a critical focus in hepatic and metabolic research.

a murine-specific primary bile acid.  It has been shown that plasma, liver, and muscle levels of α-muricholic acid are increased in mice switched from a high-fat to low-fat diet.

Isodeoxycholic acid is a synthetic bile acid, which is a chemically modified derivative of naturally occurring bile acids. Its mode of action involves modulation of bile acid composition, which may aid in reducing bile toxicity and promoting liver health. The compound functions by interfering with the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, potentially leading to increased bile flow and enhanced liver function. Isodeoxycholic acid is primarily utilized in research examining liver diseases, particularly those related to bile acid metabolism. It offers a framework for exploring therapeutic pathways for conditions such as cholestasis, where the flow of bile from the liver is impaired. Additionally, its role in altering bile acid pools positions it as a promising agent for studying the liver's adaptive mechanisms to bile acid modulation. The research applications extend to understanding bile acid-related metabolic disorders, thus providing insights into both diagnostic and therapeutic developments.

Isolithocholic acid is a bile acid derivative, which is a secondary bile acid formed by the action of intestinal bacteria. Its source lies primarily in the microbial metabolism of primary bile acids within the digestive tract. Isolithocholic acid's mode of action involves interaction with nuclear receptors such as the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which play critical roles in the regulation of bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. This compound is being studied for its possible roles in modulating lipid metabolism, influencing cholesterol homeostasis, and affecting glucose regulation. Additionally, its implications in liver function and potential protective roles against certain liver diseases are of notable interest. Researchers are also exploring its effects on gut microbiota composition and potential antioxidant properties. Applications extend to pharmacological research, where its roles in metabolic disorders and intestinal biology are being investigated. Understanding the complex interactions of isolithocholic acid within biological systems can contribute to insights in therapeutic development and metabolic health.