Carotenoids

Fucoxanthine is a marine carotenoid, which is predominantly found in various species of brown seaweed, such as Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica. Its molecular structure includes an allenic bond, which distinguishes it from other carotenoids and contributes to its unique mode of action. Fucoxanthine exerts its effects primarily through antioxidant activity, where it neutralizes free radicals, thus reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, it modulates metabolic processes by influencing genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipose tissue differentiation. In scientific research, Fucoxanthine is investigated for its potential in combating obesity-related disorders and metabolic syndrome. It has shown promise in enhancing lipid metabolism by promoting the oxidation of fatty acids and reducing the accumulation of fat in adipocytes. Furthermore, this compound has been scrutinized for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, as it influences signaling pathways related to inflammation and cell proliferation. Fucoxanthine's role in these diverse physiological processes makes it a subject of interest in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research domains, aiming to harness its therapeutic potential for various medical applications.

Natural yellow carotenoid; lipid-soluble antioxidant

Fucoxanthine - 10% is a carotenoid compound, which is extracted from brown seaweeds such as Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica. This compound is known for its unique structure and biochemistry, which allows it to influence metabolic processes within the body. Fucoxanthine primarily functions by increasing the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in white adipose tissue, which in turn enhances lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. This action leads to a potential increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Fucoxanthine is studied for its promising applications in the field of weight management and obesity treatment. Research suggests that it may have additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that contribute to its health-promoting effects. Furthermore, the utilization of Fucoxanthine in nutraceuticals and functional foods highlights its role in supporting metabolic health. However, ongoing studies are necessary to fully elucidate its mechanisms and efficacy in human populations.

Lutein - 5% is a carotenoid compound, which is derived primarily from the petals of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta). This natural source is known for its high concentration of xanthophylls, which are essential for the product's activity. The mode of action of Lutein involves its capacity to absorb blue light and quench reactive oxygen species, thereby exerting protective antioxidant effects. This mechanism is vital in preventing oxidative stress in biological tissues. The primary applications of Lutein - 5% are in nutritional supplements and functional foods. It is extensively studied for its role in supporting eye health, particularly in reducing the risk of macular degeneration and cataracts. Additionally, Lutein is investigated for its potential in skin health, where it may contribute to photoprotection by filtering harmful high-energy wavelengths of visible light. Its integration into various formulations is designed to leverage its bioavailability and efficacy in maintaining health at the cellular level. As such, researchers continue to explore its biochemical interactions and potential therapeutic impacts within human health domains.

Citranaxanthin is a carotenoid feed additive, which is a naturally occurring pigment found in certain plants and microorganisms. Its primary mode of action is through deposition into the tissues of animals, particularly in the egg yolks of poultry, where it enhances color. This enhancement occurs as citranaxanthin integrates into the lipid structures, contributing to a deeper yellow or orange hue due to its strong pigmenting properties. The primary application of citranaxanthin is in the poultry industry, where it serves as an additive in feed formulations. Its use is crucial for producers seeking to optimize the visual appeal of egg yolks, which is a key quality parameter for consumer satisfaction and marketability. Citranaxanthin's role is not limited to aesthetic improvements; it also reflects the dietary quality and welfare standards of the feed provided to poultry. Additionally, its use must comply with regulations governing feed additives, ensuring no adverse effects on animal health or human consumers.

Crocin is a pharmaceutical product which is an antipyretic and analgesic medication, primarily composed of paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is synthesized through chemical processes originally derived from coal tar, although modern production predominantly utilizes petrochemical sources. The mode of action of Crocin involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, particularly COX-2, in the central nervous system. This action leads to a decrease in the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain and fever. Crocin is extensively used for the alleviation of mild to moderate pain and the reduction of fever. Its applications include treatment for headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, backaches, toothaches, colds, and the regulation of fever related to infections. Its efficacy and safety profile make it a common choice for both acute and chronic conditions involving pain and fever. Scientists continue to investigate its pharmacokinetics and potential therapeutic applications beyond its traditional uses, aiming to optimize its clinical benefits and minimize any adverse effects.

A xanthophyll pigment with characteristic reddish-orange colour. Often added to fish food since it is an essential nutrient for healthy fish growth and reproduction. A strong anti-oxidant with suggested preventative roles in cancer as well as cardiovascular and immunological disease.

Antioxidant; antineoplastic; inudces cell differentiation

Physalien analytical standard provided with UV assay for quantitative titration.

Applications Intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids References Davidovich-Rikanati, R. et al.: Plant J., 56, 228 (2008); Puri, A. et al.: Weed Sci. 57, 482 (2009); Serino, S. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 8753 (2009);