Lignans

(+)-Balanophonin is an isolate from Passiflora edulis with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative activities and inhibits cholinesterase.

Applications A labelled lignan (phenylpropanoid) with significant estrogenic activity. References Fokialakis, N. et al.: Planta Medica, 69, 566 (2003); Lei, B. et al.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 193, 81 (2002);

(+)-Pinoresinol is a chiral lignan compound, which is primarily found in various plant sources such as flaxseed, sesame seeds, and olive oil. It plays a significant role in the plant's defense mechanisms by contributing to the formation of the plant cell wall and acting as an antioxidant. The mode of action of (+)-Pinoresinol involves its interaction at the molecular level, particularly by exhibiting antioxidant properties and modulating specific signaling pathways in cells. It can scavenge free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress, which is crucial for maintaining cellular integrity. In terms of applications, (+)-Pinoresinol is extensively studied for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and cardioprotective effects. It is utilized in biological and pharmacological research to investigate its effects on various cell types and disease models. Understanding its molecular interactions and physiological effects helps in the development of potential therapeutic interventions and nutraceuticals aimed at improving health outcomes.

(-)-Secoisolariciresinol is a plant-derived lignan, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. It is predominantly sourced from flaxseeds, although it can also be found in other seeds, grains, and vegetables. The mode of action of (-)-Secoisolariciresinol involves its bioconversion into enterolignans, such as enterodiol and enterolactone, by the gut microbiota. These metabolites exhibit antioxidant properties and have weak estrogenic activities due to their structural similarity to endogenous estrogens. The uses and applications of (-)-Secoisolariciresinol are primarily in the field of biomedical research, where it is investigated for its potential health benefits, including its roles in reducing the risk of hormone-related cancers and cardiovascular diseases. It is also studied for its antioxidant capacity, which may contribute to the mitigation of oxidative stress-related conditions. Additionally, its possible influence on hormonal balance is a subject of interest for understanding its implications in endocrine function and metabolic processes.

(S,S)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((S,S)-SDG) is present in flaxseed with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial and neuroprotective properties.

Dimethyl epipodophyllotoxin is a semisynthetic anticancer agent, which is a derivative of the naturally occurring compound podophyllotoxin, isolated from the rhizomes of Podophyllum species, typically sourced from North American and Himalayan caustic plants. This compound functions primarily as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, disrupting DNA replication and transcription by stabilizing the DNA-enzyme complex and preventing the re-ligation of DNA strands. The primary application of dimethyl epipodophyllotoxin is in oncology, where it is utilized for its cytotoxic properties. It is most commonly employed as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of various cancers, such as small-cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, lymphomas, and leukemias. Its efficacy is attributed to its ability to induce DNA strand breaks and apoptosis in rapidly dividing tumor cells, thereby arresting their proliferation. Despite its potent antineoplastic effects, the clinical use of dimethyl epipodophyllotoxin necessitates careful management due to potential side effects and the need for precise dosing to minimize toxicity while maximizing therapeutic outcomes.

Hypophyllanthin analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

Natural glycoside

(+)-Sylvatesmin is a type of arylnaphthalene lignan, which is a naturally occurring organic compound. It is derived from certain coniferous trees and is typically found as a secondary metabolite within these plants. These lignans are known for their complex polyphenolic structures, which are biosynthesized from phenylpropanoid precursors. The mode of action of (+)-Sylvatesmin involves interaction with cellular pathways that contribute to its potential anticancer properties. It is believed to exert its effects through modulation of signaling pathways and inhibition of specific enzymes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. By interfering with these biological processes, it shows promise as a candidate for further studies in anticancer research. The primary applications of (+)-Sylvatesmin lie in its potential therapeutic uses. While it is primarily investigated for its anticancer properties, ongoing research is exploring its efficacy and mechanism of action in more detail to consider its incorporation into pharmacological arsenals against malignancies. Studies continue to unravel its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and potential cytotoxicity, aiming to establish a comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic potential.