Nucleotides

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2-Fluoroadenosine is a nucleoside that has shown high resistance to the enzyme cyclase. This property may be due to its structural and conformational properties, which are different from those of adenosine. 2-Fluoroadenosine has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of ATP in ventricular myocardium and fat cells, as well as increase levels of adenylate kinase in blood. It has also been shown to have potential as a drug target for autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. 2-Fluoroadenosine can be used for biochemical and pharmacokinetic studies because it is rapidly metabolized by the liver and excreted in urine. 2-Fluoroadenosine can also be used to measure changes in the ratio of adenylate kinase:adenylate kinase reductase (AKAR) in blood plasma.

2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt is an activator that has been shown to exhibit anticancer and antiviral activities. It is a novel nucleoside phosphoramidite that is used in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and other nucleic acids. 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt has been modified by substituting the oxygen atom for a sulfur atom at the 5' position of the sugar moiety. This change makes it resistant to degradation by ribonucleases. 2'-Deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt has also been shown to act as an inhibitor of human telomerase activity.

2,2'-Anhydro-L-uridine is a nucleoside used in for research purposes. It is of particular interest due to it being an L-isomer which is different from the D-form sugars used by the human body. It is useful to study these kinds of molecules for their use in medicine, especially as antivirals

5-Methylcytidine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt is a nucleoside diphosphate that is used as an activator in the synthesis of DNA. It is also used as a building block in the synthesis of anticancer agents, such as 5-methylcytosine monophosphate and phosphoramidites. The chemical name for this product is 5-methylcytidine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt and its CAS number is 327174-86-7. This product is available for purchase at Sigma Aldrich with a purity of 99%.

Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt (DNA) is a linear polymer made up of nucleotide subunits. It is the genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in the storage, retrieval, and transmission of information. DNA is susceptible to attack by electrophilic agents such as aldehydes and nitroaldol, which can lead to the formation of DNA strand breaks. DNA from salmon testes can be used in commercial production of veterinary vaccines.

S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-homocysteine dihydrate is the active form of homocysteine. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis in these cells. S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-homocysteine dihydrate binds to dsDNA as a methyltransferase inhibitor, which leads to DNA methylation and inhibits DNA binding. The inhibition of DNA binding prevents transcription, leading to cell death. This drug has also been shown to have an anti-atherosclerotic effect in a model system by inhibiting the adenosine receptor.

2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2'-fluorouridine is a medicament that belongs to the group of antineoplastic agents and is used in cancer treatment. It inhibits the synthesis of DNA by inhibiting the enzyme thymidylate synthetase, which is required for the formation of thymine nucleotides. This drug has been shown to be effective against some cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, but not all. 2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2'-fluorouridine can also inhibit terminal growth phases and induce programmed cell death. Solid phase synthesis has been used to synthesize this molecule as a phosphoramidite.

Cytidine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt (CMPDS) is a prodrug that is converted to cytidine 5'-monophosphate, an active form, in the acidic environment of cancer cells. CMPDS has been shown to inhibit the growth of squamous carcinoma and other solid tumours by binding to survivin, which regulates cell growth and apoptosis. CMPDS also inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme that promotes tumor growth by breaking down connective tissue. This drug can be used as a therapeutic agent for treatment of congestive heart failure due to its ability to increase mitochondrial membrane potential and decrease myocardial infarct size.

2'-Deoxy-5-methyl-isocytidine is an analog of cytidine that is used in the synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides. It has shown to be complementary to dsDNA and to inhibit hepatitis B virus replication in cell culture. 2'-Deoxy-5-methyl-isocytidine is synthesized by solid phase chemistry on a polystyrene support with monomers, depyrimidination, and purification by column chromatography. The chemical stability of this compound has been shown by its ability to withstand heating at 100°C for 10 minutes without decomposition.

3'-O-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine is a modified nucleoside that can be used as an antiviral agent. It is a phosphoramidite that is activated by diphosphate and has been shown to inhibit DNA replication in vitro. 3'-O-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine also has anticancer activity and can be used to treat leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. This high quality product is synthesized from natural deoxyribonucleosides and has a purity of > 98%.

5'-(N-Cyclopropyl)carboxamidoadenosine (5' CAPA) is a cyclic nucleotide analog. It has been shown to have photochemical properties and can be used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of DNA. 5' CAPA binds to the α subunit of RNA polymerase and inhibits transcription, which may result in reduced expression of proteins involved in growth control. Structural analysis has revealed that 5' CAPA binds to the catalytic site of the enzyme, sterically interfering with ATP binding. The inhibitory effect is reversible by removal of 5' CAPA from the reaction solution or by addition of cytosolic calcium chelators. 5' CAPA was found to have no effect on phycocyanin production by phytoplankton when added at concentrations up to 1 mM and did not affect transcription-polymerase chain reactions or regulatory processes in bacterial cells. 5'-(N-Cy