Nucleotides

Guanosine-2'(&3')-monophosphate disodium salt (mixed isomers) is a synthetic nucleoside with antiviral and anticancer properties. It has been shown to activate the transcription of DNA in vitro by binding to the promoter region, resulting in higher levels of RNA synthesis. Guanosine-2'(&3')-monophosphate disodium salt (mixed isomers) has been shown to inhibit the replication of viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and it may have potential use in cancer therapy. The drug is also used as a precursor for other antiviral drugs and antibiotics. Guanosine-2'(&3')-monophosphate disodium salt (mixed isomers) is available in high purity, high quality, and at low cost.

1-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil is a nucleoside analog with antiviral properties. It consists of a modified uracil base (5-iodouracil) attached to a fluorinated arabinofuranosyl sugar moiety. In cell culture, it inhibits the replication of varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus.

N6-Carbamoylthreonyladenosine sodium salt is a fatty acid that is found in the bacterial cell wall. It has been shown to be an essential component of the cell wall for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. N6-Carbamoylthreonyladenosine sodium salt has been used to study the mechanism of protein synthesis in bacteria, especially how enzymes are involved in this process. Chemical biology studies have shown that this molecule can bind to DNA and inhibit bacterial growth. The crystal structure of N6-Carbamoylthreonyladenosine sodium salt has also been determined using x-ray diffraction data. This molecule inhibits the binding of proteins to DNA, which prevents transcription and replication. The reaction mechanism involves hydrogen bonding between the oxygen atoms on N6-Carbamoylthreonyladenosine sodium salt and divalent metal ions such as magnesium or zinc, which are required for protein synthesis.

Cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) disodium dihydrate prevents the action of aspartate carbamoyltransferase, an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. CTP serves as a molecule of high energy and acts as a coenzyme in glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and protein glycosylation.

2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)uridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein. It can be used as an antimetabolite to treat cancer and prevents tumor growth by interfering with cell division. 2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)uridine is often used in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. This drug is not active against bacteria and does not inhibit the growth of bacteria. The major disadvantage of this drug is its lack of efficacy against tumors, which may be due to the lack of penetration through the cell membrane or damage to DNA caused by radiation, abiotic factors, or malfunctioning enzymes. 2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)uridine has been shown to cause damage to cells by altering their metabolism and affecting the function of their mitochondria. Damage can cause cells to die through apoptosis or necrosis.

5-Azidouridine is used for nucleotide labelling and promptly reacts via a click reaction with a terminal alkyne or cyclooctyne conjugated to a reporter (fluorophore or biotine). The formed labelled nucleotide has a stable triazole linker. 5-Azidouridine has been used in living cell fluorescent imaging of cancer cells.

Nucleobase functionalised deoxynucleoside

Uridine-5-oxyacetic acid methyl ester is a modified nucleotide that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of uridine. This molecule can be synthesized from 5-hydroxymethyluridine and malonic acid by a methyltransferase. Uridine-5-oxyacetic acid methyl ester can also be obtained from the metabolism of deoxyribose. Analysis of this molecule is possible with spectrometric, mass spectrometric, and chemical structures methods. It has been shown to have a function in translation and protein synthesis. The chemical structure of uridine-5-oxyacetic acid methyl ester has been determined to be guanosine-3',5'-bis(2'-carboxyethyl)phosphate, which is different from that found in DNA or RNA.

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2'-Deoxy-5-methylcytidine HCl is a cytidine derivative that is used in the synthesis of DNA. It has been shown to have anticancer and antiviral properties, as well as being a synthetic activator for RNA polymerase. The chemical name for 2'-deoxy-5-methylcytidine HCl is 5'-[(2-bromoacetyl)amino]-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-O-(1,3-dithiole-2-thiocarbonyl)-3',5' -diiodo-. It belongs to the class of deoxyribonucleosides. This product may be used in applications such as DNA synthesis, modification of DNA, and antiviral treatment.

2'-Deoxy-5-ethynyluridine (5-EdU) is a modified thymidine analogue containing a terminal alkyne group, which is used for nucleotide labelling. 5-Edu is easily taken up by cells and incorporated by metabolic activation during DNA synthesis. By adding an azide conjugated to a fluorophore or a biotin moiety, a click reaction occurs from the labelled nucleotide linked by a triazole group. 5-Edu are employed in cell proliferation assays, to study DNA and RNA localisation, structure and dynamics, in the synthesis of aptamers with the click-SELEX method, and in other applications such as the preparation of oligonucleotide microarrays and nanoelectronic devices.

5-(Carboxymethyl)uridine is an uridine compound that has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in cultured cells. It binds to the ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds. 5-Carboxymethyl-uridine has been shown to be effective against two strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, in cell culture experiments. The inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis was shown to be dose-dependent for both strains. The mechanism of action is believed to be due to its binding to the ribosome and inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds.

5-Formyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is a molecule that is involved in cellular processes such as DNA methylation, the addition of a methyl group to the 5 position of a cytosine residue. It has been shown to be an important epigenetic regulator and can be used as a strategy to treat tuberculosis. 5-Formyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is synthesized from guanine, which undergoes conversion into cytosine via enzymatic modification. This process is catalyzed by methyltransferase enzymes and it is usually carried out with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. The product then converts back into guanine through deamination, which can be catalyzed by either adenine phosphoribosyltransferase or adenylate kinase.

Second messenger in intracellular signal transduction

A synthetic cytosine analogue that incorporates into DNA and prevents DNA methylation via DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibition. Demonstrated potent anti-leukaemic effects attributed to cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Has anti-growth effects on solid tumor cell lines.

2',3',5'-Tri-O-benzoyluridine is a protected form of the nucleoside uridine. Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside consisting of uracil as the nitrogenous base and a ribose sugar linked via a β-N-glycosidic bond at the 1′ position. The hydroxyl groups on the ribose (at positions 2′, 3′, and 5′) are protected with benzoyl groups (-O-CO-C₆H₅).

N4-Benzoyl-5'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2'-deoxycytidine is a nucleoside monophosphate with antiviral and anticancer activity. It is used as an activator for the synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides and may be used in the treatment of herpes zoster, AIDS, or cancer. N4-Benzoyl-5'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2'-deoxycytidine has a novel structure that is modified from natural nucleosides and has been shown to have high purity.

3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxyuridine is a synthetic nucleoside that is used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. 3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxyuridine is also an antiviral agent that has shown efficacy against HIV, HSV, and influenza virus. 3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxyuridine is a phosphoramidite monophosphate that can be used as a building block for DNA or RNA synthesis. It is also a diphosphate that can be used to synthesize modified nucleosides. This product has novel properties and high purity, making it suitable for research purposes.

N4-Benzoyl-5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine is an antiviral agent that inhibits the replication of a number of DNA viruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. It is a monophosphate inhibitor that binds to the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, preventing formation of deoxyribonucleotides. N4-Benzoyl-5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine is also used as an anticancer agent. This drug has been shown to inhibit the growth of human leukemia cell cultures and can be used for treatment of leukemia in combination with other drugs. The novel properties of this compound make it useful for research purposes and it has been synthesized in high quality at low cost.

2'-Deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine (2'-DIBG) is an inhibitor of bacterial translocation that has been shown to inhibit the growth of several bacterial species. This drug binds to fatty acids, which are important for maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane and preventing bacterial translocation. 2'-DIBG also inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species by bacteria, which contributes to its antimicrobial activity. Inflammation can be reduced by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis with 2'-DIBG. The inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis may be due to its ability to form acid conjugates with fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids, which are precursors for prostaglandins. 2'-DIBG also inhibits the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in bacteria, leading to a decrease in bacterial growth rate.

N4-Benzoyl-L-cytidine is an acid that is used as a building block in organic synthesis. It is a precursor to many biologically active compounds, including nucleosides and nucleotides. N4-Benzoyl-L-cytidine is an aminoacylated derivative of cytidine, which can be synthesized by reacting the benzoyl chloride with the corresponding amine. This reaction product can be purified by extraction into an organic solvent followed by washing with water and drying under vacuum. The compound can be converted to its hydrolysis products, benzoic acid and pyrrolidinone, through acidic hydrolysis. The synthesis of N4-benzoyl-L-cytidine can also be achieved using solid phase chemistry (SPS) to exploit the reactivity of amino acids and their derivatives.

2'-Deoxy-5-methylcytidine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It prevents methylation of guanine, which disrupts the binding of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins to the dna template and prevents polymerase chain reactions. 2'-Deoxy-5-methylcytidine has been shown to inhibit colon cancer cells in vitro, and may be a potential biomarker for bowel disease. This drug is also a methyltransferase inhibitor, which means it blocks the enzyme responsible for adding methyl groups to cytosine molecules.

Deoxyadenosine analog resistant to adenosine deaminase

N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine is a purine nucleoside that is found in human serum. It belongs to the group of purines and has been shown to be involved in energy metabolism. N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine has been shown to be present at high levels in patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The x-ray crystal structures of wild-type strains of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been determined, which revealed that this compound interacts with the enzyme activity for primary sclerosing cholangitis. This nucleoside can also be detected by LC-MS/MS methods and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Lamivudine-5'-triphosphate tetratriethylammonium salt - ca.15 mM Aqueous solution is an antiviral drug used to treat HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B infections. It is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication, acting by blocking the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. Lamivudine-5'-triphosphate tetratriethylammonium salt - ca.15 mM Aqueous solution also inhibits cellular viral DNA synthesis and has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This product is synthesized from raw materials through a novel process that involves modification of the phosphoramidite monophosphate with tetratriethylammonium salts.

Uridine 3'-monophosphate disodium salt is a nucleotide that is part of the pyrimidine family. It is synthesized from uridine and phosphoric acid in a reaction that requires hydrogen bonding and the presence of an enzyme. Uridine 3'-monophosphate disodium salt has been shown to inhibit the production of eosinophil cationic protein, which may be due to its ability to denature proteins. This drug also has an effect on the synthesis of proteins by inhibiting enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and catalase. The synthesis of glycosidic bonds is also inhibited, which may lead to an increase in body mass index (BMI).

N4-Benzoyl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-DMT-cytidine is a modified nucleoside with anticancer and antiviral properties. It is used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides as an activator, DNA or RNA. This product is also used as a phosphoramidite for the preparation of oligonucleotides. N4-Benzoyl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-DMT cytidine has a CAS Number of 8125687.

5-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-2-thiouridine is a modified deoxyribonucleoside that is used as a phosphoramidite to synthesize oligonucleotides. 5-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-2-thiouridine inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA and RNA, and its antiviral activity has been shown in vitro. It also may have anticancer activity due to its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. This compound has high quality, high purity, and novel properties.

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2,3,5-Tri-O-acetyl α-adenosine is a nucleoside analog of adenosine that has been tri-acetylated. This molecule can be used in research.

2-Amino-2'-O-methyladenosine is a modified nucleoside based on adenosine with a 2-amino group on the base, and a 2'-O-methyl group on the sugar.

2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase. The inhibition of this enzyme leads to a deficiency in the production of thymine, which is essential for DNA synthesis. 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxymethylcytidine has been shown to be an effective anti-cancer agent in vitro and in vivo. It can also be used as a potential biomarker for cancer and can be used as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer for detection of cancer tissue. This drug binds to the polymerase enzyme, preventing it from performing its function to replicate DNA, thereby halting cell division and causing cell death.

Anti-viral; anti-neoplastic

N4-Benzoylcytidine is a nucleoside that is used as part of the synthesis of the antiviral drug acyclovir. It is synthesized by reacting uridine with benzoyl chloride in a solid-phase synthesis. N4-Benzoylcytidine has shown to inhibit the growth of virus type-1 and other viruses, including those that cause herpes simplex and varicella zoster. This nucleoside also inhibits epidermal growth factor (EGF) and is a hybridization probe for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The benzoate group on this compound reacts with hydroxyl groups on proteins, which may be why it has been shown to stimulate epidermal growth in mammalian cells.

2'-O-Methylguanosine is a nucleoside that contains a 2'-O-methyl group at the 2' position of the ribose. It is a component of many nucleic acids and is usually found as a minor component in RNA. 2'-O-Methylguanosine has been shown to be an inhibitor of DNA polymerase and an activator of RNA polymerase, which may be due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with the phosphate backbone. This compound has also been shown to act as a competitive inhibitor for both wild-type and mutant bacterial strains, suggesting that it can inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria by binding to the enzyme's active site. 2'-O-Methylguanosine is present in relatively high concentrations in tissues, such as liver and muscle, where it is involved in metabolism or energy production. The optimum concentration for detection by analytical methods varies depending on the type of detector used.

Biotin-5-cytidine-5'-triphosphate lithium salt - 1 mM aqueous solution is a novel, synthetic and highly purified ribonucleoside phosphoramidite. It is used as an activator of nucleic acid synthesis in the preparation of DNA and RNA. Biotin-5-cytidine-5'-triphosphate lithium salt - 1 mM aqueous solution has been shown to be effective against various types of cancer cells, including leukemic cells and breast cancer cells. The drug also inhibits the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).

Flucytosine is an antifungal agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA by preventing the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate to uracil monophosphate. It is used as an antiretroviral therapy in combination with other drugs, such as zidovudine and dideoxyinosine, to treat HIV infections. Flucytosine has been shown to have a strong antitumor response in a model system involving mice with sarcoma 180. This drug can cause serious side effects, including drug interactions and resistance mutations in microorganisms. These side effects are often observed in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy.

S-adenosylmethionine is a compound that is naturally produced in the body and has been shown to be involved in many biochemical reactions. It can be found as a supplement at health food stores, but also is available as a prescription for the treatment of certain liver diseases such as hepatitis. S-adenosylmethionine may have some drug transporter function and can affect the metabolism of other drugs. S-adenosylmethionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate (SAMe) is an active form of methionine that may be used to treat abnormal laboratory values, such as elevated levels of albumin concentration or growth factor. SAMe has been shown to inhibit liver lesions and liver cells in both rats and humans. It also increases hematopoietic cells, which are cells that produce blood cells. SAMe is thought to work by inhibiting drug transporter function, allowing drugs to stay in the bloodstream longer than they

9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl)isoguanine is a modified nucleoside that has antiviral activity. It is synthesized by substituting the 2'-hydroxyl group of deoxyribose with an arabinofuranose, which can be phosphorylated to form 9-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)isoguanine 5'-monophosphate. This novel antiviral agent inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA and RNA, and is effective against a wide range of viruses in vitro. The drug was shown to have anticancer activities in animal models and has been patented for use as a chemotherapeutic agent against leukemia, lymphoma, and other cancers.

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2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2'-fluoro-N4-phenoxyacetylcytidine is a monophosphate nucleotide analog that is used as an antiviral agent. It inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the activity of DNA polymerase, which is needed to synthesize DNA. 2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2'-fluoro-N4-phenoxyacetylcytidine has been shown to be effective against HIV and HSV in vitro and in vivo. This nucleotide analog has also been shown to be potent against Hepatitis B viruses and adenovirus type 3. 2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2'-fluoro-N4-phenoxyacetylcytidine is phosphoramidate derivative of cytosine with a fluorine substitution at the 2' position on the sugar moiety, making it a novel compound. The pyrid

2-Chloro-6-O-methylinosine is a modified nucleoside analog. Its structure is based on inosine and at position 2 a chlorine atom replaces the hydrogen. At position 6, the keto oxygen (normally part of the purine ring) is O-methylated, forming a methoxy group (-OCH₃)

CTP serves as a molecule of high energy. It acts as a coenzyme in glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and protein glycosylation.