Nucleotides

1-(β-D-Arabinofuranosyl)thymine is a nucleoside analog. It has a similar structure to thymidine. It has possible applications in research into the specificity and kinetics of thymidine kinases and has demonstrated antiviral activity against some viruses.

Incorporated in DNA/RNA hybrids and mismatch pairs to analyse helix stability

9-(2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-chloropurine is an anticancer drug that belongs to the class of nucleosides. It is a modified nucleoside with a 2'-deoxyribose sugar and a 6-chloropurine base. The synthesis of 9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-chloropurine can be achieved by phosphoramidite chemistry. Modified nucleosides have been found to have high antiviral and antitumour activities, as well as being promising for the treatment of HIV infections. 9-(2',3',5'-tri-O acetyl b D ribofuranosyl)-6 chloropurine has also been shown to inhibit the replication of RNA in cells infected with HIV, although it has not yet been used in humans.

Thymidine-5'-diphosphate trisodium salt is a novel anticancer drug that is structurally modified to resemble thymidine. It has antiviral and antitumor effects and can be used as an antineoplastic agent. Thymidine-5'-diphosphate trisodium salt is a high quality, high purity ribonucleoside that can be used in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides and phosphoramidites. This drug has shown activity against various types of cancer cells and is being investigated for its potential use in the treatment of leukemia.

An azanucleoside and epigenetic modulator that interferes with nucleic acid metabolism. The compound gets incorporated into RNA and inhibits ribonucleotide reductase subunit RRM2 in leukemia cell lines. Intracellularly, 5-azacytidine can get converted into 2′-deoxy-5-azacytidine (decitabine) and subsequently incorporated in DNA, where it irreversibly inhibits DNMT1 methyltransferase. In human epithelial cell lines, this compound decreases Src-activated expression of a histone chaperone CAF1 and inhibits cell motility and invasiveness.

2'-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine is a synthetic nucleoside analog of deoxyuridine, in which the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose sugar is replaced with a bromine atom (Br) at the 2' position. This modification allows it to be incorporated into DNA during DNA synthesis, where it can replace the normal thymidine. This molecule can potentially be used in molecular biology and cell biology as a thymidine analog to study DNA replication, cell proliferation, and DNA repair.

1-(2'-Deoxy-3',5'-di-O-toluoyl-a-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-amino-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-1,3,5-triazine is a nucleoside derivative that features a modified pyrimidinone (triazine) base attached to a protected deoxyribose sugar. This molecule can be used in research.

Anti-viral; reverse transcriptase inhibitor

N4-Acetylcytidine is a modified nucleoside and endogenous urinary nucleoside product of the degradation of tRNA. N4-Acetylcytidine is a biological marker for various cancers with elevated concentrations present in urine. N4-Acetylcytidine is also a partially protected cytidine and therefore can be used as a synthetic building block to prepare further derivatized nucleosides such as 2’,3’-dideoxycytidine.

Orotidine is a decarboxylase inhibitor. It inhibits the enzyme that converts orotate to uridine and the enzyme that converts orotate to decarboxylase. Orotidine has been shown to inhibit the growth of opportunistic fungal organisms and may be useful in treating infections caused by these pathogens. Orotidine is an analytical method for measuring the activity of orotidase, which catalyzes conversion of orotate to uridine. The enzyme form of orotidase found in human erythrocytes is very sensitive to inhibition by picolinic acid, which is used as a substrate for this reaction.

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5'-O-Acetyladenosine is a labile nucleoside that can be converted to adenosine. It is a substrate for the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts it to adenosine monophosphate. 5'-O-Acetyladenosine has been shown to function as an equilibrating agent in the synthesis of guanosine and other pyrimidine nucleotides. In addition, it is a precursor for the synthesis of purines. 5'-O-Acetyladenosine can be synthesized from trimethyl phosphate and chloride gas yields acetaldehyde, which then reacts with phosphorus oxychloride to form 5'-O-acetyladeninol, which undergoes hydrolysis to yield 5'-O-acetyladenosine. The regioselectivity of this reaction depends on the concentration of reactants and solvents used in the reaction.

5'-Deoxy-5'-iodothymidine is an antiviral nucleoside that inhibits viral replication by competing with the natural substrate, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate, for incorporation in DNA. 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodothymidine has been shown to be a novel antiviral agent and an activator of host immune responses against virus infections. 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodothymidine is also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of phosphoramidites, which are used in the production of DNA.

2'-Deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate sodium is a novel, synthetic nucleoside that inhibits DNA replication and transcription. It has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). 2'-Deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate sodium is in the category of nucleosides, which are phosphorylated compounds that can be incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerase. This product has a high purity and is synthesized from diphosphate.

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine-5'-triphosphate sodium, 100mM aqueous solution is a nucleoside analog that is modified at both the 2' position of the sugar (deoxyribose) with a fluoro group and the 5' position with a triphosphate group. This compound is an important tool in biochemistry, molecular biology, and drug development, particularly for studying nucleic acid synthesis and genetic processes.

2'-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-DMT-uridine is a synthetic nucleoside that is used in the synthesis of RNA. It has been shown to be resistant to heat and both acidic and basic conditions. 2'-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-DMT-uridine can be used for modifications of oligonucleotides and as a convenient sealant for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, or other nucleic acids. This product is neutralized with hydrochloric acid prior to use.

Adenosine 3'-monophosphate sodium is a nucleotide that is used as a substrate for enzymes. It has been shown to increase the enzymatic activity of papaverine, litoralis, subtilis, and histidine phosphatase. Adenosine 3'-monophosphate sodium also has protease activity, which can be activated by adding an enzyme preparation containing subtilisin and trypsin. This compound also has a pH optimum of 8.0-9.5 and is active at an alkaline pH of 9.5-10.5. The specific strain of bacteria will determine the optimal pH range for activity, with enterobacter bacterial strains having a maximum range of 6-7 and brevibacterium bacteria strains having a range of 4-6.

N6-Benzoyl-3'-O-methyladenosine is a novel modified nucleoside that has antiviral activity. It has been shown to possess high purity and high quality, and can be used as an activator for DNA synthesis. N6-Benzoyl-3'-O-methyladenosine is synthesized from 3'-O-methyladenosine with the use of phosphoramidites, ribonucleosides, or monophosphate nucleotides. The compound is CAS No. 85090-30-8 and is soluble in water.

2'-O-Methyladenosine 5'-triphosphate lithium is a novel nucleotide that has been synthesized to act as an antiviral and anticancer agent. It can be used in the production of ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides, and modified DNA. It is also a high quality phosphoramidite that can be used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. 2'-O-Methyladenosine 5'-triphosphate lithium has been shown to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 and other viruses by inhibiting viral transcription. It is also active against cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 0.2 μM for HL-60 cells.

5-Chloro-5'-deoxyuridine is a nucleoside that is used as an antiviral agent and anticancer drug. It inhibits the viral DNA polymerase by acting as a phosphoramidite in the synthesis of viral DNA. 5-Chloro-5'-deoxyuridine is also used in the treatment of leukemia cells, which are resistant to other anticancer drugs. The high purity and modified nucleosides make this product highly desirable for research purposes. The novel syntheses of this product make it a desirable choice for many researchers.

Cytidine-5'-diphosphate trisodium (CDP-Tris) is a copolymerization agent that contains a formamide molecule, which is used to increase the viscosity of the polymer. It is also used as a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor in the synthesis of polymers. CDP-Tris can be used for DNA replication and repairs damaged DNA by binding to 7-methylguanine, one of the most common lesions found in DNA. This agent has been shown to be effective in diluting crude cell extracts from E. coli bacteria. CDP-Tris is also used to synthesize polymers with 3-methylcytidine monomers that contain nitrogen atoms. These polymers are then used as substitutes for natural polymers such as cellulose and starch, which can be difficult to process because they are hydrophobic.

3'-Amino-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine's lack of a 3'-hydroxyl group makes it a chain terminator for DNA polymerase, a key application in Sanger sequencing. Additionally, the 3'-amino group serves as a functional handle for modifying the 3' end of oligonucleotides with various labels or conjugates, expanding their utility in research and diagnostics.

(E)-2'-Deoxy-2'-(fluoromethylene)cytidine is a cytostatic compound that inhibits DNA synthesis in tumor cells. It has been shown to be more potent than tezacitabine and hl-60 cells, as well as being less toxic than benzimidazole compounds. This analog of cytosine has been shown to have potent antitumor activity against carcinoma cell lines and myeloid leukemia cell lines. The oral prodrug form of this drug has been shown to be an effective treatment for myeloid leukemia in mice.

2'-Deoxy-4-thiouridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside for a range of applications

9-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-fluoroadenine is a modified nucleoside that is used as an antiviral and anticancer agent. It acts as an activator for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. 9-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-fluoroadenine also inhibits the growth of cancer cells by interfering with the division process. This drug is synthesized from 9-(5'-deoxy-5'-iodo-b-D-ribofuranosyl) -2,6 difluoro adenine (diFdA). The Ribonucleosides are then prepared in a similar manner to other nucleosides by using phosphoramidites. The product is then purified using HPLC.

2'-Deoxy-5-propynylcytidine is an acidic oligodeoxynucleotide that is a pharmacophore. It has been shown to bind to the herpes simplex virus and stabilize the viral DNA. 2'-Deoxy-5-propynylcytidine has also been used in conjugates to target cells for drug delivery and as ligands for affinity chromatography. This cytosine analog interacts with gold nanoparticles by ion-exchange, which has been used in enzyme immobilization and residue analysis.

2,3'-Anhydro-5'-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilylthymidine is a synthetically modified thymidine analog for use in research

3'-O-Acetylthymidine is a dinucleoside analogue of thymidine. It has been used as a model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has been shown to be resistant to HIV infection in vitro. 3'-O-Acetylthymidine inhibits the synthesis of protein by binding to the ribosomal RNA of the host cell, preventing the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex with tRNA. This prevents the incorporation of amino acids into proteins, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death. 3'-O-Acetylthymidine also inhibits HIV replication by competing with deoxycytidine triphosphate for incorporation into DNA, preventing the synthesis of viral DNA. 3'-O-Acetylthymidine is hydrolyzed by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduced by glutathione reductase

2-Thiothymidine is a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor that can be used as a substitute for thymine in the synthesis of DNA. 2-Thiothymidine has been shown to have successful in vivo treatment against bladder cancer and skin cells, as well as photochemical properties. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis. 2-Thiothymidine binds to dna duplexes and polymerase chain reactions, which are important for replication of DNA. This drug also inhibits replication by preventing intramolecular hydrogen bonds from forming. 2-Thiothymidine is a nucleoside analog that is substituted for thymine during DNA synthesis. It inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis. It binds to dna duplexes and polymerase chain reactions, which are important for replication of DNA. This drug also inhibits replication by preventing intramolecular hydrogen bonds from forming.

2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-inosine is a chain congener of uridine and cytidine. It is an analog of guanosine, which is found in DNA. 2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-inosine has shown to have cytotoxic effects on the cardiovascular system, as well as inflammatory properties. This drug can also inhibit nitric oxide production and chloride transport. The nitro group in 2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-inosine can be removed by ammonolysis or debenzoylation and glycosylation can be added to the molecule with the addition of glucose.