Nucleotides

2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxycytidine is a nucleoside analog that is used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It inhibits the synthesis of HIV by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This drug binds to DNA duplexes, and has been shown to be reactive with damaged DNA. The compound has been shown to inhibit viral replication in a model system, and also inhibits the polymerase chain reaction. 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxycytidine may also have thermodynamic properties that are related to its potential for reactivity with oxidative DNA. 2'-Deoxy-5-hydroxycytidine is an analog of cytidine. It can be synthesized using solid phase synthesis on a resin support.

N4-Methylcytidine is a member of the group P2. Its chemical structure consists of two nitrogen atoms, one carbon atom, and four hydrogen atoms. It is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits synthesis of human mitochondrial DNA by inhibiting bacterial enzyme uridine-cytidine kinase, which converts uridine to cytidine in the mitochondria. N4-Methylcytidine has been shown to be potent against viruses such as HIV and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in cell culture studies. This antiviral effect is due to the interference with viral dna replication and protein synthesis by preventing incorporation of uracil into dna and ribosomal RNA.

5-Methyl-2-thiouridine is a nucleotide that is found in the type strain of Escherichia coli. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of protein synthesis, with optimum concentration at 0.1 mM. 5-Methyl-2-thiouridine binds to the ribosome and inhibits its activity. 5-Methyl-2-thiouridine also interacts with human mitochondrial RNA and alters its structure, leading to an antibody response that protects against infection by the bacteria in question. This nucleotide has also been shown to inhibit bacterial growth in wastewater treatment plants. The chemical structures of 5-methyluridine are similar to those of uridine except for a methyl group on the second carbon atom (5 position). The presence of this methyl group confers increased water permeability and decreased kinetic energy on the molecule, which can be detected using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

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2',3'-O-Isopropylideneadenosine is a nucleoside that has a possible usage as an organic chemical synthesis intermediate

2'-O-Allylcytidine is a synthetic nucleotide that contains an allylated amino function. It is synthesized by the regiospecific allylation of uridine and guanosine. 2'-O-Allylcytidine has been used in research studies for the synthesis of oligonucleotides with specific sequences and for high-yield production of synthons.

2',3'-O-Isopropylidenecytidine is a nucleoside for use in research applications

Sold by weight of nucleoside as solution in ethanol.

3'-O-Propargyladenosine is a modified nucleoside that has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a synthetic compound that is chemically related to adenosine. 3'-O-Propargyladenosine is an activator of the immune system and it inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The compound also has been shown to reduce inflammation in mice by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). 3'-O-Propargyladenosine has been shown to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Trimethylguanosine is a hydrogen-bonded base that is found in the DNA of all living organisms. It has a diagnostic role in cancer and metabolic disorders, as well as in the study of cell culture. Trimethylguanosine can be used to identify cancer cells by measuring its fluorescence properties, which are different from those of healthy cells. This compound also has a role in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and renal disease. Trimethylguanosine is also involved in biological function, and is necessary for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate sodium is a nucleotide that is involved in the energy metabolism of cells. It has been shown to inhibit oxidative injury and to activate signal pathways in response to external stimuli, such as glucose deprivation. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate sodium can be synthesized from ATP by the enzyme adenosine kinase.

N2-Isobutyryl-3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-diyl)guanosine is a nucleoside that is activated by phosphorylation. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of cancer cell growth and proliferation in vitro. This compound was also found to inhibit the expression of two oncogenes (c-MYC and c-Ki67) and induce the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53. This nucleoside is synthesized from 2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-DAMP) with a modified DNA synthesis protocol.

Glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR) is a reactive metabolite that is formed from glycinamide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of purines. GAR has been shown to bind to intracellular targets and inhibit their enzyme activities. GAR has been shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of purines, such as ribonucleotides and nucleoside phosphates. These enzymes have been found in human tissues. GAR also inhibits the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by binding to DNA and inhibiting its replication. This drug has also been shown to be effective against bowel disease by binding to bacterial dna gyrase, dna topoisomerase, and rna synthesis.

Blocks glutamatergic activity; neuroprotective

Trans-zeatin riboside-5'-monophosphate sodium salt is a growth rate inhibitor that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the ribosome. This compound has been shown to inhibit cell growth and proliferation in vitro when applied to tissue cultures of tabacum l. and other plants. Trans-zeatin riboside-5'-monophosphate sodium salt is not active against plant tissues grown in vivo, which may be due to its inability to cross the plasma membrane or cell wall.

8-Bromoguanosine hydrate is a brominated form of guanosine. It is used as a marker for colorectal cancer in urine samples. 8-Bromoguanosine hydrate can be used to calibrate the results of chromatographic analyses and to identify metabolic disorders, such as fatty acid oxidation defects. The compound is also an endogenous ligand that interacts with adenosine receptors and may have pro-apoptotic effects on cancer cells by triggering their death. 8-Bromoguanosine hydrate has been shown to be more effective than other brominated nucleosides in inducing apoptosis in malignant cells, including colorectal carcinoma cells.

Inosine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt (IDPS) is a nitro compound that is used in the synthesis of antibacterial drugs. It is also used in the production of polymers and as a precursor to other organic compounds. IDPS has been shown to have antibacterial activity against halogeno bacteria, such as buprestidae, and many Gram-positive bacteria, including encapsulated strains. IDPS has been shown to be effective against both damaged cells and healthy cells in culture. The mechanism of action may involve inhibition of protein synthesis by blocking the ribosomes or by interfering with DNA replication. This drug also inhibits growth rate of japonica rice and heterocycles.

7-Deaza-2',3'-dideoxy-7-iodoguanosine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of DNA by inhibiting the activity of DNA polymerase. It is used to treat HIV and other viral infections. The compound is also active against cancer cells and has been shown to inhibit the growth of leukemia cells. 7-Deaza-2',3'-dideoxy-7-iodoguanosine is modified with an iodine atom at the 7 position and has a novel structure. This compound is used in biological research as a substrate for the preparation of phosphate esters such as phosphoramidites for use in oligonucleotide synthesis.

8-Bromocyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose sodium salt (8BCAR) is a cytosolic cyclase inhibitor that inhibits the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). 8BCAR blocks the activation of protein kinase A, which is an enzyme involved in the phosphorylation of cAMP. 8BCAR has been shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy induced by growth factor-β1 and to increase mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as to suppress cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In addition, this drug can be used for the treatment of cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma.

Stearoyl coenzyme A lithium is a novel modified ribonucleoside that is synthesized by enzymatic phosphorylation of 3'-deoxyribonucleosides. It has anticancer, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Stearoyl coenzyme A lithium is a monophosphate nucleotide which activates the transcription factors that regulate gene expression and replication. The drug also inhibits viral replication through competitive inhibition of the viral DNA polymerase.

9-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)hypoxantine is a synthetic nucleoside that can be phosphorylated to form 9-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)hypoxantine 5'-triphosphate. This compound has been shown to have antitumor and antiviral activities. It inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting the activity of DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase, which are enzymes necessary for the replication of cellular DNA and RNA, respectively. 9-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)hypoxantine is high quality, novel, and CAS No. 98983-40-5.

5-Chloro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorouridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of HIV by competing with other nucleosides for incorporation into viral DNA, thereby inhibiting the production of new viruses. This drug has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the replication of HIV and has been approved as an antiretroviral agent. 5-Chloro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorouridine is active against most HIV strains and is able to suppress viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C. It also inhibits the hepatic metabolism of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP3A4 inducers. The effective dose for this drug ranges from 100 mg to 200 mg per day.

Used as a protected cytidine nucleoside in RNA synthesis. Similar to its adenosine counterpart, the 1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl (TIPDS or TBDPSi2) group serves as a bulky and selectively acid-labile protecting group for the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of the cytidine ribonucleoside during RNA oligonucleotide synthesis.

3'-Deoxyadenosine is a nucleoside that is an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of mouse tumor cells and induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells. 3'-Deoxyadenosine inhibits the production of pro-apoptotic protein, which may be due to its ability to activate toll-like receptor 4. 3'-Deoxyadenosine also has strong anti-inflammatory properties and can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Streptococcus pyogenes. 3'-Deoxyadenosine binds to DNA polymerases and inhibits the replication of DNA by blocking the incorporation of deoxynucleotides into DNA. This compound has been shown to have thermodynamic data consistent with a stable secondary structure at high temperatures.br>

Caged GTP is a modified nucleotide that is biologixally inactive until exposed to ultraviolet light, where GTP is released.

8-Chloroadenosine is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis, which is the process by which cells die. It has been shown to inhibit cell growth in murine hepatoma cells and synergize with other cytotoxic agents. 8-Chloroadenosine inhibits the activity of bcl-2 protein and thus blocks the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. This causes DNA damage by inhibiting DNA synthesis and protein synthesis, leading to apoptosis. 8-Chloroadenosine has also been shown to be an active inhibitor of cancer cells, especially myeloma cell lines. The response element for 8-chloroadenosine is located in the promoter region of the gene encoding cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which encodes a protein that produces prostaglandins involved in inflammation and tumor growth. The concentration of camp in cancer tissues determines whether these cells will respond favorably or unfavorably to this drug.

N3-Methylcytidine is a synthetic analog of uridine. It is used for the treatment of syncytial virus infection, which is a group of diseases caused by viruses that have an RNA genome and replicate by forming syncytia-large groups of infected cells. N3-Methylcytidine inhibits the synthesis of proteins in cells and inhibits the growth of bacteria. This drug has been shown to inhibit actin polymerization and prevents cell spreading. N3-Methylcytidine also binds to RNA polymerase II and blocks its interaction with DNA, inhibiting protein synthesis at the ribosome level. N3-Methylcytidine is metabolized in vivo into methylated cytidine, which can be detected in urine samples using chemical biology methods or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. Synonyms: N3-methyluridine; 3-methyluridine

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine-5'-triphosphate tetralithium (2'DFUR) is a fatty acid that is resistant to many antibacterial agents. 2'DFUR inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death. This drug has been shown to have potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus strains and other bacteria. The mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, but it may involve inhibition of nucleotidyltransferase and aminopropyl transferase enzymes.

6-Methylmercapto-9-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine (6MMPR) is a nucleotide analog that is synthesized through the process of ribosylation. It has been shown to be reactive and inflammatory in the colon, which may be due to its role as an enzyme inhibitor. 6MMPR inhibits target enzymes such as 2-methylthio-6-chloropurine riboside, which are involved in DNA synthesis and repair. This drug also has anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines by activated immune cells. 6MMPR is used for the treatment of bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

4-[(1Z)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)vinyl]pyridine is a modified nucleoside that is used in anticancer drugs. It has shown antiviral and antitumor effects. 4-[(1Z)-2-(4-Chlorophenyl)vinyl]pyridine is synthesized by condensing 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2,3-dichloropyridine. The nucleoside has been modified to be phosphorylated at the 5′ position and contains a ribonucleotide moiety and a deoxyribonucleotide moiety. This product is of high purity and quality, with an activator group at the 5′ position.

5-Methyl-L-uridine is an antiviral drug which belongs to a class of compounds called nucleoside analogues. It is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C, as well as for prevention of hepatitis A and B. 5-Methyl-L-uridine inhibits the virus by turning off the production of viral DNA and RNA, through interactions with the virus's polymerase chain reaction process. This drug also prevents protein synthesis in cells infected with viruses such as HIV, herpes simplex virus type 1, and influenza A virus. 5-Methyl-L-uridine is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, uridine monophosphate, by enzymes in the liver. The cytotoxic effects of 5-methyluridine on cancer cells have been shown to be due to inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis and repair pathways.

Ribavirin triphosphate is the biologically active metabolite of antiviral nucleoside analog ribavirin. In cells, the prodrug ribavirin gets triphosphorylated and in it inhibits viral RNA polymerases, interfering with the synthesis of newly formed RNA.

N2,7-Dimethylguanosine is a modified nucleotide that is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of guanine. This modification is catalyzed by an enzyme called methyltransferase, which transfers a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the guanine base. N2,7-dimethylguanosine has been shown to be involved in epigenetic regulation and translation regulation as well as having a biological function as an acceptor for aminoacylation. N2,7-dimethylguanosine can be detected with mass spectrometry and can also be immobilized onto solid supports for use in biochemical pathways. br> N2,7-dimethylguanosine is synthesized from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) by a series of reactions involving methyltetrahydrofolate reductase and methy

N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)adenosine is a novel nucleoside that can be used as an antiviral agent. It is an activator of viral polymerase and inhibits the proliferation of cells infected with HIV. This compound has been synthesized from 2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate, which is a precursor to RNA and DNA synthesis. N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)adenosine has also been shown to inhibit the growth of experimental tumors in mice. The synthesis of this compound is reliable and reproducible, making it a high quality product.

Used as a protected adenosine nucleoside in RNA synthesis. The 1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl (TIPDS or TBDPSi2) group is a bulky, acid-labile protecting group specifically designed to protect the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of ribonucleosides during RNA oligonucleotide synthesis.

2'-O-Allyluridine is a nucleoside analogue that contains a 2'-hydroxyl group and an allyl group. It is synthesized from the nucleoside uridine by the process of allylation. The regiospecificity of the allylation reaction has been analysed and it has been found that the amino function on the uridine reacts with an allylic hydrogen bond to form 2'-O-allyluridine. The synthesis of 2'-O-allyluridine was successful in laboratory conditions, but not under physiological conditions. Research into this compound is still ongoing as it may have potential applications in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer.

N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyladenosine (BTS) is a novel phosphoramidate monophosphate nucleoside analog that has been modified to be resistant to the ribonuclease A enzyme. BTS is an activator of DNA synthesis and inactivator of RNA synthesis, which makes it useful for the treatment of cancer and antiviral infections. This drug is synthesized using high quality reagents and can be used for the production of phosphoramidites to produce high purity oligonucleotides.

5-Methyl-2′-O-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-cytidine is a nucleoside that is synthesized by phosphoramidite chemistry. It is a novel chemical compound with antiviral, anticancer, and deoxyribonucleoside properties. This nucleoside is modified in the 5′ position with a methyl group and has been shown to have cytotoxic effects on cancer cells.

N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-adenosine is a versatile nucleoside building block.

7-Deaza-2'-deoxyinosine is a purine nucleoside analog that has been shown to be a hydrogen bond donor and formamide acceptor. This drug destabilizes duplex DNA by interfering with the formation of the hydrogen bonds between the bases, which may result in strand breakage. 7-Deaza-2'-deoxyinosine has also been shown to inhibit RNA polymerase activity, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. It has been used as a tool for studying enzyme mechanisms and in solid phase synthesis.

Inhibitor of uridine monophosphate synthase

Cyclic Adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose ammonium salt (CADPRAM) is a potent inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). CADPRAM reversibly inhibits PDEs and prevents the hydrolysis of cAMP. This inhibition can lead to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. CADPRAM also inhibits polymerase chain reaction, which is why it cannot be used for the treatment of infectious diseases. CADPRAM has been shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes that are known to play a role in clinical pathology, such as adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase type 3.