Enzyme Substrates

L-Serine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used in the detection and quantification of enzymes. L-serine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride reacts with the enzyme to produce an excited state, which then emits light. The emitted light can be detected by a luminometer, which will then generate a signal proportional to enzyme concentration. L-serine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride can also be used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection and quantification of ligands such as antibodies, antigens, or DNA probes. In addition, L-serine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a bioluminescent substrate that can be used for cell culture media and food testing.

3-Indolyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a specialized enzyme substrate that features an indole moiety linked to a glucuronide group. This compound is commonly used in various biochemical assays to study the activity of glucuronidase enzymes, which play a crucial role in the metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The sodium salt form of this substrate ensures enhanced solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, making it a valuable tool for researchers investigating the function and regulation of glucuronidase enzymes in biological systems. 3-Indolyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is also used for the detection of E. coli.

3-Indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt (3ISK) is a chemical compound that is soluble in water. It has been used as a marker for bowel disease, and it has been shown to react with analytical methods such as titration calorimetry and lc-ms/ms. 3ISK can be used to determine the optimum concentration for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease. The metabolic fate of 3ISK has been studied extensively and it is found that 3ISK is metabolized by microbial enzymes in the gut, which may lead to an increased incidence of bowel disease in patients with low levels of microbial metabolism. 3ISK also plays an important physiological function by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, which could have implications for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease.

Coelenterazine is the substrate for the enzymes Renilla luciferase, Gaussia luciferase and other luciferase enzymes. Marine organisms like squids, shrimps, fish and jellyfish use coelenterazine to produce spectacular bioluminescence (in analogy with insects which utilize firefly luciferine). Today, coelenterazine is used in numerous applications like immunoassays, ELISA, monitoring of reporter genes, chemiluminescence detection of superoxide anion and peroxynitritein cells or tissues. The substrate is also used in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), HTS and protein based methods for Calcium detection. The isolation and structure determination of coelenterazine was reported independently by two different groups in the seventies who discovered the molecule in sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) and in the cnidarian Aequorea victoria, respectively. Interestingly it was also found that the luminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria does not produce coelenterazine itself but it rather assimilates it through ingestion of small preys like shrimps and copepods. This product Coelenterazine, native, which is provided as a powder, is identical in quality and chemistry to our product Coelenterazine, native, dried.

Maltotetraose 2-aminobenzamide is a chemiluminescent substrate that emits light in the presence of certain oxidizing agents. It provides high quality and environmental testing, as well as staining and ligand capability. Maltotetraose 2-aminobenzamide is used in diagnostics to identify bacteria and other microorganisms. Maltotetraose 2-aminobenzamide can be used for the detection of bacterial colonies on agar plates using a fluorogenic substrate, or for the detection of fungi using a chromogenic substrate. Maltotetraose 2-aminobenzamide is also used as an enzyme substrate in food testing or conjugate with enzymes for bioluminescence.

Fluorogenic substrate for α-L-arabinosidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid (cyclohexylammonium salt) is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

L-Lysyl-L-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin dihydrochloride is a fluorogenic peptide substrate for aminopeptidase. This AMC peptide substrate is normally used to rapidly profile the N-terminal specificity of proteases.

4-Nitrophenyl laurate is a chromogenic substrate for lipase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl laurate is used in different applications such as the Lipase activity screening, clinical diagnostics

Chromogenic substrate used to measure phospholipase C (PLC) activity

Ac-DEVD-6-amino-D-luciferin is a bioluminescence substrate for protease enzymes (eg caspase-3 protease).

2-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the enzymatic activity of xylosidase. After cleavage, the nitrophenyl moiety is released exhibiting a light yellowish color. 2-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside is used in bacterial hemicellulose metabolism assays.

Aldol® 470 L-pyroglutamic acid amide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of pyrrolidonyl peptidase (PYRase) activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by PYRase-producing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when a suitable matrix is present, such as, the surface of cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates, and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 470 L-pyroglutamic acid amide is suitable for use under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Impurity Aminoquat, Colesevelam Aminoquat Impurity HBr Applications (6-Aminohexyl)trimethylammonium Bromide is a potent inhibitor and acts as substrate for pig kidney diamine oxidase. References Bardsley, W.G., et al.: Biochem. J., 122, 557 (1971),

Coelenterazine h is a substrate for luciferases or as a constituent of photoproteins

4-Methylumbelliferyl b-D-chitobiose heptaacetate is a fluorogenic substrate that is widely used in diagnostic and research applications. It can be used as a substrate for enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, α-mannosidase, and α-fucosidase. 4MUBH can also be used in the detection of bacterial growth. 4MUBH reacts with NADPH to produce light through chemiluminescence. This product has been shown to have a high purity and quality and should not be stored in UV light or strong acids. CAS No. 55900-34-0

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-6-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra -O acetyl -b D galactopyranosyl)-2 deoxy a D galactopyranoside is a high purity fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme β galactosidase. It can be used for the detection of β galactosidase in biological samples. 4NPAG can also be used as a ligand for various types of chromogenic substrates. This product is also commonly used in diagnostics and conjugates to detect β galactosidase activity or as a culture media supplement.

4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate is a chromogenic substrate for glucose-6-phosphatase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate is used in different applications such as the Glycogen storage disease diagnosis (e.g., von Gierke disease)

Chemiluminescence beta-galactosidase substrate