Antimicrobianos

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; lincosamide

Kitasamycin is a macrolide antibiotic with a mode of action that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is used for treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine.

Nalidixic acid sodium salt is a sodium salt form of nalidixic acid with similar action and applications as nalidixic acid.

1-(4-Pentyloxy-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-(pyridine-3-carbonyl)thiourea is a synthetic compound employed largely in biochemical research and potential medicinal applications. As a small molecule derivative, it is synthesized through meticulous organic chemistry protocols designed to yield compounds with specific biophysical properties. The compound acts primarily by modulating distinct biochemical pathways, interacting with molecular targets such as enzymes or receptors, thereby influencing biological processes at the cellular level. Due to its unique structural characteristics, this compound is particularly valuable in the exploration of cellular signaling and receptor pharmacology. It holds promise in various experimental frameworks aimed at understanding complex biological systems, potentially aiding in the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Researchers utilize this compound in laboratory settings to investigate its efficacy and role in modulating biological responses, contributing to advancements in drug discovery and molecular biology.

Cefluprenam is a cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a synthetic derivative of the fungus Cephalosporium. It functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, effectively disrupting the peptidoglycan cross-linking process essential for bacterial structural integrity. This inhibition leads to cell lysis and ultimately bacterial death. Primarily, cefluprenam is utilized in the clinical treatment of bacterial infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Its efficacy in combating resistant strains makes it valuable in treating complex infections, notably those in hospital settings where such resistance is prevalent. Moreover, cefluprenam’s pharmacokinetic properties allow for penetrative action in tissues, making it effective for various systemic infections. This antibiotic is often deployed in severe infections, septicemia, and as a prophylactic agent in surgical settings. Research on its broader application and potential resistance mechanisms continues to evolve, providing insights into its comprehensive clinical utility.

Ionomycin calcium is a potent calcium ionophore, which is derived from natural sources such as certain Streptomyces species. Its primary mode of action involves facilitating the translocation of calcium ions (Ca^2+) across biological membranes, specifically transporting them from external environments or intracellular stores into the cytoplasm. This action significantly elevates intracellular calcium levels. Ionomycin calcium is widely employed in scientific research to study calcium-dependent cellular processes. It serves as a valuable tool in immunology for the activation of T cells and in neuroscience for exploring calcium signaling pathways. Additionally, it is utilized to investigate the role of calcium in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and various other physiological responses. By enabling precise manipulation of calcium dynamics, ionomycin calcium aids scientists in dissecting the intricate roles of calcium in cellular functions.

Sangivamycin is a nucleoside analog with action as a protein kinase C inhibitor and is used for research on antiviral and anticancer therapies.

Acequinocyl-hydroxy is an acaricide, which is a chemical agent used to manage and control mite populations in various agricultural settings. It is derived from a combination of synthetic organic compounds designed specifically to disrupt the normal biological processes of target pests. The mode of action of Acequinocyl-hydroxy involves interference with the mitochondrial electron transport chain of mites, ultimately disrupting cellular respiration and leading to the death of the pest. Acequinocyl-hydroxy is utilized primarily in agricultural environments where mite infestations pose significant risks to crop yield and quality. Its application is crucial in integrated pest management programs aimed at minimizing the damage caused by these pests without harming beneficial insects. Researchers and agricultural scientists often deploy Acequinocyl-hydroxy in a controlled manner, ensuring it is part of a broader strategy to sustainably manage pest populations while maintaining ecological balance.

Gentamicin C2 pentaacetate (2 : 1 Mixture of C2 and C2a) is an aminoglycoside class antibiotic derivative, primarily derived from the fermentation of Micromonospora species. This product is a semi-synthetic compound, combining two closely related gentamicin components, C2 and C2a, in a specified ratio. Its mode of action involves binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, which disrupts protein synthesis resulting in bactericidal activity against a wide spectrum of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. In scientific research, Gentamicin C2 pentaacetate is employed mainly in studies exploring antibiotic mechanisms and resistance, as well as in assessing its efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Its utility extends to microbiological assays and as a reference standard in analytical studies due to its specific and potent antibacterial properties. Given its precise formulation, researchers can better elucidate the structure-activity relationships that govern gentamicin’s interaction with bacterial targets, aiding in the development of new antimicrobial strategies and therapeutic agents.

Zabofloxacin hydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including respiratory infections.

Applications Pafuramidine is a prodrug of Furamidine (F863600, 2HCl); a diphenylfuran compound belonging to an important class of antimicrobial and antiparasitic agents. Furamidine and its analogues also display antitumor activities and showed antiproliferative activities against various tumor cell lines. References Lansiaux, A. et al.: Cancer Res., 62, 7219 (2002); Steck E.A. et al.: Exp. Parasitol., 52, 404 (1981); Balzarini, J. et al.: Incest. New Drugs, 1, 103 (1983); Thuita, J.K., et al.: Acta Trop., 108, 6 (2008); Lanteri, C.A., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 70, 1585 (2006)

Lincomycin 2,7-dipalmitate is an antibiotic compound that is a semi-synthetic derivative originating from the natural antibiotic lincomycin, which itself is produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces lincolnensis. This compound functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Specifically, it binds to the 23S rRNA component of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby disrupting the process of RNA translocation and inhibiting the synthesis of essential proteins needed for bacterial growth and replication. As a derivative of lincomycin, Lincomycin 2,7-dipalmitate is tailored to enhance certain pharmacokinetic properties, such as solubility or absorption, compared to its parent compound. This modification can result in a formulation optimized for clinical applications, extending its utility in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. The primary applications of Lincomycin 2,7-dipalmitate are in the field of veterinary and, to some extent, human medicine, where it serves as a valuable intervention against bacterial pathogens resistant to other antibiotics. Its usage requires careful consideration of bacterial susceptibility and the potential for resistance development.

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Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating urinary tract infections and gonorrhea.