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Rhoifolin possesses a variety of significant biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects, it may be beneficial for diabetic complications through its enhanced adiponectin secretion, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β and GLUT4 translocation. Rhoifolin has a radioprotective effect against radiation-induced decrease of blood platelets and cardiac biochemical lesions in whole body irradiated mice.

Aescin polysulphate sodium salt is a synthetic anti-inflammatory compound, designed as an enhanced version of the natural saponin, aescin, derived from horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanum). The modification to create the polysulphate sodium salt increases the solubility and bioavailability of the compound, facilitating its absorption and effectiveness in biological systems. The primary mode of action involves the stabilization of capillary walls and the inhibition of the action of certain enzymes that degrade connective tissues, which helps reduce inflammation and edema. This molecular interaction is crucial in various therapeutic contexts, making it a valuable agent in treating conditions that involve excessive fluid retention and swelling. Aescin polysulphate sodium salt finds applications predominantly in the medical and pharmaceutical industries for the management of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, and post-operative edema. Ongoing research is expanding its potential applications, focusing on its impact on microcirculation improvement and its anti-inflammatory properties, potentially benefiting a range of pathophysiological conditions involving edema and inflammation.

Palmatine hydrochloride (PaH), a naturally occurring photosensitizer isolated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), can induce remarkable cell apoptosis ,significantly increase intracellular ROS level and significantly kill breast cancer MCF-7 cells; it also has potential in photodynamic therapy on colon adenocarcinoma.[1,2]