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Beta-Ecdysterone slowly reduces food consumption and then indirectly induces a state of starvation resulting in the elevation of the mRNA levels of InR , IRS , PI3K110 , and PDK in the Bombyx fat body during molting and pupation, and Beta-Ecdysterone inhibits innate immunity in the fat body during Bombyx postembryonic development.[1,2]

Azadirachtin has antifungal activity, it used as insecticides.

Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation.

Calycosin, a major isoflavonoid isolated from Radix Astragal, induces angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo via the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA expression;it acts similar to other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to promote angiogenesis via activation of MAPK with the involvement of ERK1/2 and ER. , such as raloxifene and tamoxifen, by displaying selective potency and affinity to estrogen receptors ERa and ERb.

Hesperetin exerts dose dependent chemopreventive effect against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis.