Dyes, Stains and Tinctures

Acid Orange 3 is a cationic surfactant that belongs to the family of dyes. It is used as a granulosa cell stain in histology, with the basic structure of a monosodium salt. Acid Orange 3 exhibits chronic oral toxicity in rats and mice, but does not show liver lesions at doses up to 4000 mg/kg. It has been shown to cause increased incidence of fatty acid oxidation, carcinogenic potential, and carcinogenesis studies in rats. Acid Orange 3 may also cause allergic reactions, such as skin irritation and erythema when applied topically. In some cases, it has been reported to cause contact dermatitis.

Indocyanine green is a fluorescent dye with a variety of applications in medical imaging. It has been used to diagnose and evaluate the activity of cancer cells and brain functions. Indocyanine green has also been used as an angiographic agent for diagnosis of solid tumours. In addition, it can be used to evaluate liver function and the blood flow in the brain. The biological properties of indocyanine green have not yet been fully elucidated, but it is known that it binds to hepatocyte-like cells in culture and is found at high levels in human serum. This dye shows fluorescence when bound to DNA or RNA, which indicates its possible use as a molecular probe for detecting carcinoma cells.  Indocyanine green is a STT3B inhibitor and has been shown to prevent α-amanitin toxicity in mice (Wang et al, 2023). This means it could be a possible antidote to poisoning by Amanita, such as death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides, which is the cause of over 90% of fatal mushroom poisoning.

Pigment orange 46 is a reactive dye with a chemical formula of C 17 H 12 O 7 that is used in photography and as a colorant. It has a cyclic structure with a hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, and one or more reactive carbon-carbon double bonds. Pigment orange 46 is classified as an aromatic compound and contains the fluorescing group, which makes it highly sensitive to radiation. Pigment orange 46 can be synthesized by reacting phenol with thioacetic acid. This product can be found as an ingredient in various insecticides and organic solvents.

Solvent Black 5 is a reactive dye that inhibits protein synthesis. It can be used as a control agent for the study of lysine residues. Solvent Black 5 has been shown to induce epidermal growth in Ba/F3 cells, which is mediated by the activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. This dye also reacts with metal surfaces, such as copper and nickel, to form a black insoluble precipitate. The hydroxyl group on the carboxy terminal side of this molecule may play an important role in its mechanism of action.

Weak Acid Yellow 3G is a benzyl ester of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol. It is a clear, amber liquid with a pH of 6.5-7.5 and can be used in the production of microspheres and monomers for organic solvent extraction and surface treatment. When diluted with water, it has an alkaline reaction system. This product is soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ethers, but insoluble in water and most other common solvents. Weak Acid Yellow 3G can be used as a surfactant and surface active agent to simplify reactions systems by removing the need for additional reagents or solvents.

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Brominated analog of carboxyfluorescein; singlet oxygen generator

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