Dyes, Stains and Tinctures

Direct yellow PG is a reactive dye with a medium-fast rate of migration in the presence of an electrolyte. It is used as a yellow dye for cotton and other cellulosic materials. Direct yellow PG has very high light resistance and is also resistant to washing, perspiration, and rubbing. The dye solution has a pH value between 6.5 and 8.5.

A ready-to-use 2X solution with beta-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent. Used in SDS-PAGE for loading of conventional proteins. The use of Laemmli sample buffer ensures optimal band resolution when preparing proteins for SDS-PAGE with Tris-glycine-SDS running buffer. Role of 2X SDS PAGE Sample buffer : 1 .Tris-HCl is a buffer and it’s pH plays an essential role in preserving peptide bonds from breaking apart. 2. Sodium dodecyl sulphate is an anionic detergent that helps in linearizing (by denaturing) the proteins and bringing a net negative charge to the proteins irrespective of the initial charge. 3. The high density of glycerol ensures the sample moves down into the well. 4. Beta-mercaptoethanol, along with SDS, ensure the bands are individual polypeptide instead of molecular complexes. 5. The dye visually indicates the location (tracking) of the sample in the gel.

C.I.Direct Red 83 is a complex of copper and polycarboxylic acid that is used in wastewater treatment. It is also used as an indicator dye in biological studies to measure the rate of reaction between carboxylic acids and amino-groups, which are both necessary for the formation of nucleic acids. C.I.Direct Red 83 has been shown to have strong absorptive properties, with a maximum absorption at 546 nm in aqueous solution. This dye has also been shown to bind to receptors on the cell membrane, specifically those receptors that are involved in thermally induced reactions.

Applications Antispasmodic. Dyes and metabolites. References Mizuuchi, Y., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 2205 (2008), Li, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 1963 (2009), da Silva, S., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 312 (2009), Zhu, Q., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 1065 (2009),

Solvent Red 149 is an organic solvent that is used in the development of photographic emulsions. It has a low average particle diameter, high thermal expansion, and low volatility. Solvent Red 149 has been used as a sensor for environmental pollution. This compound has been shown to inhibit polymerization reactions by acting as an inhibitor of an essential step in the process. The hydroxyl group on the molecule can be used for authenticating purposes because it reacts with sulfuric acid to form a red dye.

Applications The active labelled metabolite of the antibacterial dye, Sulfamidochrysoidine. Inhibits folic acid synthesis in prokaryotes. Antibacterial. References Colebrook, L., et al.: Lancet, 233, 1291 (1937), Dye, C., et al.: Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 7, 81 (2009), Isik, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 1158 (2009),

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Applications Pigment Yellow 180 is an organic pigment used in used in the plastics industry. References Ichiro, K. et al.: J. Mass. Spect., 43, 436 (2008);

Applications BTUM is uesed as a dye developer for direct thermal paper. References Takahashi, Y., et. al.: IS&T’s Int. Congr. Ad Non-impact print. Tech., 10, 349 (1994)