Dyes, Stains and Tinctures

Reactive Blue 13 is an excellent decolorizer for organic materials, such as proteins and lipids. It can be used in a variety of applications, including the determination of peroxides in polymers or the detection of ferrocene in organic solvents. Reactive Blue 13 is activated by ultrasonic irradiation or by the presence of hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide-containing compound. Reactive Blue 13 has been shown to catalyze hydrogen peroxide to form hydroxyl radicals, which can oxidize ferric iron to form ferrous iron. These radicals are detectable with microelectrodes.

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Reactive Yellow 3 is a synthetic dye that exhibits properties of a reactive dye. It is used in the surface methodology for the detection and quantification of biological activity. Reactive Yellow 3 is activated by hydroxyl groups on surfaces, which can be found in wastewater treatment plants. Reactive Yellow 3 reacts with enzyme activities, such as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, to form a product with increased fluorescence. This product can be detected using kinetic or structural analysis methods.

5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM) is a self-quenching dye and one of the most common labelling agents for biomolecules, cell staining and localisation studies. The fluorescence is pH dependent, therefore it has been used to measure the internal pH of cells. As it is only membrane permeable to dead cells, it can be used as a staining agent to distinguish viable and non-viable cells. It is also used in PCR to label the 5’ end of oligonucleotides in the presence of a quencher at the 3’ end (dual labelled probe). During the amplification process, the dye is cleaved and the fluorescence increases proportionally with the amount of the specific sequence amplified during the PCR process. The development of the fluorescence signal is therefore specifically related to the amplification of the target sequence. The carboxylic acid can be activated to react with a primary amine.

Methylene blue is a basic dye that has been used as an antibacterial agent. It binds to DNA and inhibits the synthesis of proteins and cell division. Methylene blue has been shown to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, but not Gram-negative bacteria. Methylene blue also has optical properties that allow it to be detected by an optical sensor. This dye is sensitive to water vapor and light, which may limit its effectiveness in humid environments. The rate constant for methylene blue's adsorption on the surface of bacterial cells was determined using x-ray diffraction data from squamous cell carcinomas in mice. The rate constant for methylene blue's antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the concentration-time curve for inhibiting growth of Escherichia coli K12 bacteria in a synchronized fluorescence assay. Nitrite ion levels were found to correlate with methylene blue's antimicrobial activity

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C.I.Mordant green 17 is a synthetic azo dye that is used as an additive in coatings and plastics. It has been shown to have antiviral activity against enteroviruses, such as poliovirus, coxsackievirus B3, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It also reduces inflammation in the bowel due to its anti-inflammatory properties. The main mechanism of action is thought to be via inhibition of the viral replication cycle by interfering with the synthesis of viral proteins or nucleic acid synthesis.

Pigment Yellow 152 is a polycarboxylic acid that contains an allyl group, a hydrofluoric acid, and a hydroxyl group. It is one of the most common yellow pigments in general use. Pigment Yellow 152 polymerizes with an initiator to form polymers that are used in paints and varnishes. The polymerization process requires light or heat to activate. Pigment Yellow 152 has functional groups that give it the ability to fluoresce under ultraviolet light, which makes it useful as a sensor for low oxygen levels in mines and other locations where there is little air movement.

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C.I. Reactive Red 250 is a versatile dye that has been widely used in various experiments. It belongs to the category of Other Dyes, Stains, Indicators & Probes. This dye has shown potential in inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), an enzyme involved in various signaling pathways. Additionally, C.I. Reactive Red 250 has been studied for its effects on HIV infection and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, this dye has demonstrated its ability to modulate potassium channels and glutamate receptors, indicating its potential application in neuroscience research. It has also been found to possess antiviral activity against HIV-1, making it a valuable tool for virology studies. C.I. Reactive Red 250 can be used as a research chemical for exploring the mechanisms of action of various compounds and their effects on different biological processes. Its wide range of applications and reliable performance make it an essential component in the toolkit of researchers across various fields. Please note

Oil Blue A is a blue pigment that is used as an initiator for the polymerization of thermoset plastics. It is synthesized by combining copper oxide and methylene blue in a microassay, which then undergoes thermal polymerization. The particle size of Oil Blue A ranges from 10 to 30 μm, with an average diameter of 15 μm. This product has a hydrophilic nature and can be used in the manufacture of paint and ink.

Patent Blue V calcium salt is a calcium salt of Patent Blue V, which is a light-sensitive dye with an absorption peak at 450 nm. It has been used in analytical chemistry to measure the fatty acid content of oils and fats. Patent Blue V calcium salt has also been used as a reagent in kinetic studies to measure the rate of reactions involving detergent compositions, cationic surfactants, and hydroxyl groups. The lymphatic vessels react to this dye by showing an increase in permeability. The activation energies for these reactions have been determined using kinetic data.

C.I.Reactive green 19 is a synthetic, reactive dye that has been shown to be an effective tyrosinase inhibitor. This dye binds to the active site of tyrosinase and inhibits its activity. It also inhibits the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase, which then prevents the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. C.I.Reactive green 19 has been shown to have toxicological effects on plant tissue and is not recommended for use on live plants or in gardens or nurseries.