Dyes, Stains and Tinctures

Acid Red 249 is a hydroxyl-containing fatty acid with a molecular weight of 257. It is amphoteric, meaning it can act as either an acid or a base. Acid Red 249 can be used to highlight calcium carbonate in the presence of zirconium oxide and colorants. Acid Red 249 undergoes nucleophilic attack, which is a chemical reaction where one or more nucleophiles are attracted to an electrophile (a chemical species that donates electrons). This reaction is often used for dyeing textiles and for making food dyes. Radiation, such as ultraviolet light or gamma rays, induces the reaction by breaking down the molecule's double bond. The resulting products are called free radicals, which react with other molecules to form new compounds. These reactions produce fluorescent colors that can be detected by radiation-sensitive cameras and other instruments.

Pigment yellow 4 (PY4) is an organic compound that is a mixture of calcium pantothenate, cyclic peptide, polycarboxylic acid, glycol ether and hydroxyl group. PY4 can be produced by the reaction of calcium chloride, sodium hydroxide and phenol in a reaction vessel. It has a particle size of 1-20μm and is used as an additive to paints and plastics to increase their resistance to environmental pollution. PY4 also has a functional group that can be polymerized using an initiator such as benzoyl peroxide or AIBN.

C.I. Acid Red 35 is a diacid with a hydroxyl group that belongs to the group of dyes. It is used in cosmetics for its color and as a polymerization initiator for polyesters, epoxy resins and silicone elastomers. C.I. Acid Red 35 is also used as a control agent in textile dyeing, papermaking, and leather tanning to prevent the formation of unwanted color reactions or cross-linking reactions with other chemicals. The dye has been shown to react with metal hydroxides to form metal complexes and reactive molecules when exposed to ammonia or acidified sodium nitrite. C.I. Acid Red 35 is soluble in organic solvents, but insoluble in water due to its intramolecular hydrogen bonding and intermolecular hydrogen bonding with fatty acids on the surface of cellulose fibers or unsaturated alkyl chains on the surface of nylon fibers. This dye has been shown to be reactive with carb

Indophenol blue is a dye that is used in laboratories to identify the presence of protein. It is used to detect proteins in biological samples such as human serum, which can be done through immunoassays or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Indophenol blue reacts with proteins by oxidizing them and changing their color from blue to pink. The optimum concentration for this reaction to take place is 1-2mg/mL of hydrochloric acid and 0.5-1% sodium citrate. The redox potential of the reaction solution must be negative, so it can reduce the indophenol blue back to its original form. This chemical reaction is also used in surface methodology, where a drop of solution is added on an object's surface and then heat-treated to produce a change in coloration.

Acid Black 234 is a reactive dye that is used in the textile industry. It has a hydroxy group and can be used for wastewater treatment. Acid Black 234 is not soluble in water but can be dissolved in organic solutions. It has high penetrant properties and its chemical stability depends on the pH of the solution. Acid Black 234 undergoes an adsorption mechanism, which involves a reaction with chloride ions to form a complex that binds to the surface of the fabric.

For visualizing enzymatic activity

Glutathione is a tripeptide cysteine-glycine-glutamic acid which exists in cells in the reduced form (this product) or oxidised form. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant protecting cell components from endogenous and exogeneous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Reduced glutathione has also been intensely used in the affinity purification of proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag. In the protein purification process, glutathione is used for the elution of GST-fused recombinant proteins from a glutathione-immobilised resins. In the elution buffers, reduced glutathione is typically used in the 10 – 40 mM concentration range.

Pigment Red 23 - Technical is a pigment that is used in the textile industry. It has a particle size of 0.1-1 micron, and it is activated with nitrogen atoms. Pigment Red 23 - Technical has high values for analytical methods and it can be used to measure enzyme activities. Pigment Red 23 - Technical is an organic compound that reacts with glycol esters by a reaction mechanism involving hydroxyl groups. This reaction is catalyzed by basic structure, which may be water or an alcohol molecule. Pigment Red 23 - Technical can also be used in wastewater treatment to remove color and other pollutants from wastewater, as well as being used in radiation protection to absorb energy and convert it into heat.

Solvent Orange 62 is a fluorescent dye that belongs to the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It can be used as a solvent, colorant or pigment in paints, coatings, adhesives, and detergents. In addition to its use as a solvent, Solvent Orange 62 has been shown to have cardiovascular effects in rats with high blood pressure. It is believed that this effect is due to its ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting the enzyme guanylate cyclase. This inhibition leads to an increase in vascular resistance and hypertension.

Disperse Blue 14 is a dye that is used as a colorant. It has been shown to have good optical properties, such as high solubility, low toxicity, and low cost. Disperse Blue 14 has been used in the textile industry and in the production of paints and coatings. The dye can also be used in wastewater treatment because it can reduce the amount of bacteria present by absorbing light energy from ultraviolet radiation. Disperse Blue 14 has also been shown to bind with fatty acids, which are known for their ability to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS). This reactive property may be due to its ability to bind with styryl dyes, which are often activated by UV radiation or heat. A molecular docking analysis was conducted using Disperse Blue 14 and found that it binds with the electron-rich region of cytochrome c oxidase, a protein involved in respiration in mitochondria. This binding inhibits electron transfer between cofactors Q and cytochrome c oxidase

Pigment Red 5 is a red pigment that belongs to the group of diazonium salts. It is used in the production of detergent compositions and film-forming polymers. Pigment Red 5 is a skin cancer agent, which can be used as a sensitizing agent in photodynamic therapy. This compound has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic effects on human melanoma cells and other cancer cells by inhibiting glycol ester synthesis, glycol ether synthesis, and DNA synthesis. Pigment Red 5 has also been shown to inhibit malonic acid-induced erythrocyte hemolysis in mice. Pigment Red 5 is made up of two different types of molecules: nitrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups. The molecule consists of three rings that are joined together by single bonds. The first ring contains five nitrogen atoms and five hydroxyl groups; the second ring contains one nitrogen atom and four hydroxyl groups; the third ring contains two nitrogen atoms and