Antibiotics

Applications Third generation, orally active cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial. References Wise, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 29, 1067 (1986), Hirai, S., et al.: Jpn. J. Antibiot., 39, 958 (1986), Lentz, K., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 200, 41 (2000), Takagi, T., et al.: Mol. Pharmaceutics, 3, 631 (2006), Gu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 24, 1118 (2007),

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis, particularly targeting multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and is used for treating complicated urinary tract infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Cloxacillin benzathine is a beta-lactam antibiotic, which is synthesized from Penicillium fungi-derived penicillins. It acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. The mechanism involves the irreversible inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This disruption in the bacterial cell wall structure ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Cloxacillin benzathine is primarily used for the treatment of infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. It is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, which are resistant to penicillin G. The depot formulation allows for sustained release and longer activity in the body. This makes it an invaluable tool in the management of bone, skin, and respiratory infections where persistent bactericidal action is desired.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

Cefatrizine propylene glycol is a cephalosporin antibiotic with action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is used for treating respiratory and skin infections.

Neomycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces fradiae*. It exerts its antibacterial effects by binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis. This binding disrupts the translation process, thereby preventing the growth and proliferation of bacteria. Neomycin B is effective against a wide range of Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, making it a valuable tool in both medical and research settings. The primary uses of Neomycin B include its application in topical formulations to prevent or treat skin infections. It is also used as an oral treatment to reduce the risk of intestinal bacterial infections before surgery or in hepatic encephalopathy management. In scientific research, Neomycin B may be used in cell culture media to maintain bacterial contamination-free environments. Its mechanism of action and broad-spectrum effectiveness continue to make it a subject of study within microbiology and pharmacology for further therapeutic developments.

Trovafloxacin mesylate is a synthetic antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class, which is derived from chemical synthesis processes rather than natural sources. The mode of action of trovafloxacin mesylate involves the inhibition of bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication, repair, and transcription within the bacterial cell. By inhibiting these enzymes, trovafloxacin mesylate disrupts bacterial DNA processes, leading to cell death and exerting its antibacterial effects. Trovafloxacin mesylate has been used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin. Its broad-spectrum activity makes it effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, due to associated risks such as severe hepatotoxicity, its use has been limited and is subject to stringent regulations. Trovafloxacin mesylate serves as an important example in the field of antibiotic research regarding the balance between antibiotic efficacy and safety.

Valinomycin, is used as a potassium ionophore shown to induce cell death. Due to the ion-selective nature of valinomycin, it is used in ion-selective electrodes. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Faropenem sodium hydrate is a hydrated form of faropenem sodium with similar action and applications as faropenem sodium hemipentahydrate.

Orbifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine.

Antibiotics nesoi

Kanamycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is used to treat severe infections including sepsis and tuberculosis. It  is another selection agent commonly used to screen bacteria, such as, E. coli, but also suitable for yeast specie,s such as, P. pastoris and plastid transformation of tobacco.