Antifungals

Applications 2-[[[1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy]methyl]benzenamine is an intermediate used in the synthesis of (P840402), which is an isotope labelled Pyraclostrobin, a fungicide for use in seed grass and food crops. References Gyldenkaerne, S., et al.: Pestic Sci., 55, 1210 (1999), Pennington, D., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1119 (2005), Wang, S., et al.: Food Control., 18, 731 (2007),

Fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate, a prodrug for ravuconazole, treats onychomycosis in Japan.

Embeconazole (R 120758) is a triazole antifungal agent with strong in vitro activity against clinically important fungi such as Candida and Aspergillus.

Quinoxyfen has antimicrobial activity and can be used to study powdery mildew.

FBA-IN-1 (2a11) is the first covalent, allosteric CaFBA inhibitor, effective against Azole-resistant strains with a MIC 80 of 1 μg/mL.

Aureothin is a bioactive compound, classified as a polyketide antibiotic, which is derived from the culture of the bacterium Streptomyces thioluteus. This compound operates primarily through the inhibition of protein synthesis by interfering with the aminoacylation of tRNA with specific amino acids. Its mode of action disrupts cellular protein synthesis, which is essential for cell growth and function, leading to its potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. Aureothin exhibits a broad spectrum of uses and applications. In microbiological and pharmaceutical research, it serves as an important tool for studying microbial resistance mechanisms and protein synthesis pathways. Its application extends to agricultural research, where it is evaluated for controlling pathogenic fungi and invasive plant species due to its herbicidal properties. The compound’s dual action as both an antimicrobial and herbicidal agent makes it valuable in the development of new agrochemicals and therapeutic strategies against infections. Scientists continue to explore its biosynthesis and potential modifications to enhance its efficacy and specificity.

NB-598 is an effective and competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase. It suppresses triglyceride biosynthesis through the farnesol pathway.

Metalaxyl (CGA 48988) is a fungicide that inhibits protein synthesis in fungi and interferes with skeletal development in zebrafish embryos.

Fenhexamid (Elevate), a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor, shows antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus.

Filipin III is a polyene macrolide antibiotic, which is extracted from Streptomyces filipinensis. Known for its unique mode of action, Filipin III interferes with cholesterol-rich membranes by binding to ergosterol and cholesterol. This interaction disrupts the membrane structure, altering membrane permeability and ultimately affecting cell viability. In scientific research, Filipin III is utilized predominantly as a biochemical probe to detect and study cholesterol distribution within cell membranes. Its affinity for sterol structures makes it invaluable for understanding cholesterol dynamics and membrane organization in eukaryotic cells. By exploiting its membrane-disturbing properties, researchers can elucidate cellular processes involving sterol-rich domains and their roles in various physiological functions. Additionally, its antifungal properties offer a basis for studying membrane integrity-related pathogen resistance mechanisms, though its clinical application is limited due to cytotoxicity. This agent allows for profound insights into the molecular composition and behavior of cellular membranes, serving as a tool in the toolkit of cell and molecular biologists.

Caerulomycin A (Caerulomycin) (Cerulomycin; Caerulomycin) is an antifungal compound.

Ethyl 4-bromocrotonate ((E)-Ethyl 4-bromobut-2-enoate) is an antimicrobial compound belonging to the ester group. As an important pharmaceutical intermediate, it has been used as a substrate for enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and as a tool for studying enzyme kinetics. It has also been found to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Itraconazole (R51211) is a triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.

Paclobutrazol ((R,R)-paclobutrazol) is a triazole-containing plant growth retardant that is known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins.1,2It also has

Broad spectrum imidazole antifungal

Applications TH-302 is a 2-nitroimidazole triggered hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP) of bromo-isophosphoramide mustard. Studies have shown that TH-302 treatment exhibited hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human cancer cell References Meng, F. et al.: Mol. Cancer Ther., 11, 740 (2012); Liu, Q. et al.: Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 69, 1487 (2012); Sun, J.D. et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 18, 758 (2012);

Applications A bactericidal and fungicidal. References Schoppelrei, J., et al.: J. Phys. Chem., 100, 14343 (1996), Kolb, H., et al.: Drug Discovery Today, 8, 1128 (2003),