Nucleosides

2-Amino-9-(3',5'-di-O-acetyl-2'-O-methyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-6-chloropurine (PMID: 24840114) is a novel nucleoside analog with potent anticancer, antiviral and antimalarial activities. PMID: 24840114

3’-b-C-Methyl-N6-methyladenosine is a modified monophosphate nucleoside that has antiviral and anticancer properties. It was first synthesized in the lab of Professor N.A. Nicolaou and his team in the 1980s at The Scripps Research Institute. 3’-b-C-Methyl-N6-methyladenosine is an activator of RNA polymerase II and ribonucleotide reductase, which are important enzymes in DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cancer progression. 3’-b-C-Methyl-N6-methyladenosine is also a potent inhibitor of HIV replication and may be useful for treatment of AIDS.

5-Chlorouridine is a nucleoside with hypochlorous acid. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor cells in tissue culture and to have an inhibitory effect on cervical cancer, which may be due to its ability to inhibit cellular metabolism and DNA synthesis. 5-Chlorouridine inhibits the uptake of uridine by blocking the conversion of uridine into cytosine, thereby preventing DNA synthesis. This prodrug also prevents radiation from inducing mutations in DNA. The molecular modeling study shows that 5-chlorouridine forms hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups in RNA, which may be important for its anti-cancer activity.

(1S,2S,3S,5S)-5-(2-Amino-6-(benzyloxy)-9H-purin-9-yl)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)cyclopentanol is a synthetic compound that is used to treat patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. It has been shown to inhibit tyrosine kinase and interacts with the guanine binding site of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase. This drug also inhibits the enzyme (deoxy)ribonucleotide reductase and competes with adenosine for binding to adenosine receptors. The stereoisomers of this drug are active against chronic myeloid leukemia cells. The S enantiomer is more potent than the R enantiomer and exhibits greater selectivity for leukemic cells than healthy cells. It has also been shown to inhibit nitric oxide synthase and may have anti-

Cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) disodium dihydrate prevents the action of aspartate carbamoyltransferase, an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis. CTP serves as a molecule of high energy and acts as a coenzyme in glycerophospholipid biosynthesis and protein glycosylation.

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1-(β-D-Arabinofuranosyl)thymine is a nucleoside analog. It has a similar structure to thymidine. It has possible applications in research into the specificity and kinetics of thymidine kinases and has demonstrated antiviral activity against some viruses.

2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-uridine 3'-CE phosphoramidite is an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by binding to DNA, preventing transcription and replication. It has been shown to have antibacterial activity against a wide variety of bacteria, including staphylococcus, tuberculosis and vibrio cholerae. 2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-uridine 3'-CE phosphoramidite is a chemotaxis regulator in the biosynthetic pathway of certain bacteria. These bacteria use this compound as a precursor for the production of other antibiotics. This antibiotic binds to the regulatory site on bacterial chemotaxis and inhibits the response to attractants such as sugars or amino acids.

2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)uridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein. It can be used as an antimetabolite to treat cancer and prevents tumor growth by interfering with cell division. 2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)uridine is often used in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. This drug is not active against bacteria and does not inhibit the growth of bacteria. The major disadvantage of this drug is its lack of efficacy against tumors, which may be due to the lack of penetration through the cell membrane or damage to DNA caused by radiation, abiotic factors, or malfunctioning enzymes. 2'-O-(2-Methoxyethyl)uridine has been shown to cause damage to cells by altering their metabolism and affecting the function of their mitochondria. Damage can cause cells to die through apoptosis or necrosis.

[2'-18O]Guanosine is a novel antiviral that has shown antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus. It also has anticancer effects, as it inhibits the growth of lymphoma cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis. [2'-18O]Guanosine is a modified nucleotide with an 18-oxygen atom in the 2' position, which prevents its use as a substrate for phosphodiesterases, thereby increasing its stability in vivo. [2'-18O]Guanosine is synthesized from the corresponding ribonucleotide, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and can be used as an activator for DNA synthesis and an inhibitor of RNA synthesis.

9-(B-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 5'-triphosphate triethyammonium salt is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the DNA polymerase enzyme. It has been shown to be safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers and patients with cancer, including those with advanced solid tumors. 9-(B-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine 5'-triphosphate triethyammonium salt is an antiviral agent that has been shown to be active against HIV, herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella zoster virus. This compound also has anticancer properties and has been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vitro.

5-Amino-1-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)-imidazole-4-carbonitrile is a novel nucleoside analogue that inhibits the viral enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. It has antiviral activity against the herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein Barr virus. 5AADC has also been shown to inhibit DNA synthesis in tumor cells. This compound is currently undergoing clinical trials as an anticancer agent.

5-Azidouridine is used for nucleotide labelling and promptly reacts via a click reaction with a terminal alkyne or cyclooctyne conjugated to a reporter (fluorophore or biotine). The formed labelled nucleotide has a stable triazole linker. 5-Azidouridine has been used in living cell fluorescent imaging of cancer cells.

Nucleobase functionalised deoxynucleoside

2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2'-trifluoroacetamidouridine is a nucleoside that is used in the production of DNA and RNA. It is an activator of phosphoramidites, which are used to synthesize oligonucleotides. 2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2'-trifluoroacetamidouridine can be used as an anti-cancer drug and has antiviral activity. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of HIV by interfering with viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase and integrase. 2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-2'-trifluoroacetamidouridine can also be used for the treatment of influenza A virus infections. This drug is highly purified, with a high quality, monophosphate form as well as a diphosphate form. There are no known side effects associated with this product.!--

5'-O-DMT-thymidine 3'-CE phosphoramidite is a building block for the introduction of thymidine units into oligonucleotides. 5'-O-DMT-thymidine 3'-CE phosphoramidite is utilised in a broad range of applications, including the synthesis of natural and unnatural DNA and RNA strands. Phosphoramidites are the reagent class of choice for oligonucleotide synthesis as they contain readily removable orthogonal protecting groups and can be produced at reasonable scales. The diisopropylamino leaving group is readily cleaved upon exposure to an azole catalyst allowing for a highly efficient coupling reaction with a free hydroxyl group on the growing oligonucleotide and oxidation of the subsequent phosphite triester, followed by beta-elimination of the cyanoethyl group affords the stable phosphodiester linkage.

3’-b-Azido-2’,3’-dideoxy-5’-O-(4-methoxytrityl)uridine (AZDU) is a modified nucleoside that is used as an antiviral agent. AZDU inhibits viral DNA synthesis by acting as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. AZDU has also been shown to inhibit tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, AZDU has been found to have anticancer activity against human leukemia cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis.

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