Antiparasitics

PF 1022A is a cyclooctadepsipeptide, which is a type of cyclic peptide composed of amino acids and hydroxy acids. It is derived from the fermentation products of the fungus *Mycelia sterilia*, a member of the *Rosellinia* genus. Its mode of action involves disrupting glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasitic nematodes, which leads to paralysis and eventual death of the parasite. PF 1022A is primarily used for its anthelmintic properties, making it useful for controlling parasitic worm infections in animals. The compound's ability to selectively target nematodes without significant harm to the host organism makes it a valuable tool in veterinary medicine. It serves as a key component in formulations designed to combat gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock and pets, contributing to enhanced health and productivity in affected animals. Research into PF 1022A continues to explore its full potential and further applications in parasitology.

Cipargamin (NITD609) is an effective antimalarial compound. It has an IC50 of appr 1 nM against P. falciparum.

Benznidazole is an antiprotozoal agent and is used for the treatment of Chagas disease. It generates free radicals that damage the DNA and other cellular components of the parasite.

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Nanaomycin A, a quinone antibiotic, reactivates cancer suppressor genes and inhibits DNMT3B (IC50=500nM).

Antimalarial agent 45 (compound 8I) is an antimalarial with activity against Plasmodium parasites, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.21 μM. It is used in the study of malaria.

Ornidazole (Levo-) (Levornidazole) is the levo-isomer of Ornidazole.

Doramectin is a macrocyclic lactone antiparasitic agent with action on glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasites and is used for treating internal and external parasitic infections in livestock.

TSO-13 is an inhibitor of the major cysteine protease Cruzipain found in Trypanosoma cruzi, with an IC50 of 2.2 μM. In Vero cells, TSO-13 also suppresses T. cruzi, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.9 μM.

Fenbendazole (Fenbendazol) is an antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.

Antileishmanial agent-14, a sulfuretin analog, exhibits potential activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes (IC 50 = 4.1 μM) and inhibits infection by

Fenbendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasites and is used for treating gastrointestinal parasites in animals.

Temephos is an organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor for treating water with disease-carrying insects.

Antileishmanial agent-23 (compound G1/9), a potent and selective trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 of 2.24 ± 0.52 μM.

D-Phenothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used in vet medicine for pest control and to kill insects, mosquitoes, and lice.

Amoscanate is an antischistosomal agent, which is a synthetic compound with a broad spectrum of activity against parasitic infections. Its mode of action involves the disruption of parasite metabolism and structure, ultimately leading to the elimination of schistosomes. Schistosomes are trematode worms responsible for schistosomiasis, a significant parasitic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. In terms of its applications, Amoscanate is primarily used in the treatment and management of schistosomiasis, where it targets both the adult and larval stages of the parasite. The synthetic origin of Amoscanate allows for precise adjustments in its chemical structure, optimizing efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. Research on its mechanism indicates that Amoscanate interferes with key biological pathways within the parasite, thereby eradicating the infection. While its current use might be focused on helminthic diseases, ongoing studies aim to elucidate additional therapeutic potential. The growing interest in this compound underscores the need for novel therapies in the treatment of neglected tropical diseases.